专题16 阅读理解 考点3 说明文-2022年中考英语真题分项汇编 （全国通用）（第1期）（解析版）

【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】专题16阅读理解考点3说明文（一）（2022·新疆·中考真题）WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather’sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood(成年礼).Womenwouldgettheircourtesynamesaftergettingmarried.One’scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone’sgivenname.Forexample,thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean“carriage(马车)”.ZhugeLiang’sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans“verybright”.42．Howmanypartsarethereinpeople’snamesinancientChina?A．3.B．4.C．5.D．6.43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesy”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．名B．姓氏C．字D．昵称44．Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】A．Toshowtheirlove.B．Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.C．Toshowtheirkindness.D．Toshowtheirrespect.45．Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?A．Familyname.B．Nickname.C．Givenname.D．Courtesyname.46．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．ThefamouspoetLiBai.B．Threepartsofancientnames.C．Theancientnamesandthemodernnames.D．Thedevelopmentofnames.【答案】42．A43．C44．D45．C46．B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义。42．细节理解题。根据“InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname”可知，名字有三部分，故选A。43．词义猜测题。根据前文“InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname”可知，三部分包括了姓，名和字，所以courtesy表示“字”，故选C。44．细节理解题。根据“Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect”可知，他们互相称呼对方的尊称以示尊重，故选D。45．细节理解题。根据“orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname”可知，如果长者谈论你会用名来称呼，故选C。46．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义，故选B。【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】（二）（2022·安徽·中考真题）Haveyoueverseenlionsdancinginthestreets?Thelionsdancetothebeatofadrum(鼓).Ofcourse,theyarenotreallions.Theyaredancersinlioncostumes(服饰).LiondancingfirststartedinChinacenturiesago.Itismeanttobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.Usually,alionismadeupoftwodancers.Onedancercontrolsthehead.Theothercontrolsthetail.“Ithinkofitasasport,”saysAnthonyHuang,aged16.HeisamemberoftheNewYorkChineseFreemasonsAthleticClub.Anthonyperforms(表演)asthelion’shead.Itcanweigh20pounds.LiondancingisimportanttoAnthony.“Thistraditionreallyliftsmeup,”hesays.Inthepast,liondancingwasperformedmostlybymen.Butitisdifferenttoday.LionDanceMeisaliondancinggroupinSanFrancisco,California.Thereareboysandgirlsonitsteam.Theydancetogether.“Anyonecantakeupliondancing.Youhavetobelievethatyoucandoit,”saysAnandaTang-Lee,a17-year-oldgirl.Liondancingwillcontinuetoevolve.Butateam’ssenseofcommunitywillneverchange.“Wecallitafamily,”Anandasays,“It’sreallygreat,becausewealwayshaveeachother’sbacks.”34．Whydopeopleperformliondancing?A．Toselllion-dancingcostumes.B．Towishforaluckynewyear.C．Toprotectthelionsinthewild.D．Toshowskillsofplayingthedrum.35．WhichroledoesAnthonyplayinliondancing?A．Thelion’shead.B．Thelion’stail.C．Thedrummer.D．Thedresser.36．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolve”mean?A．延期B．模仿C．举办D．演变37．Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromAnanda’swords“Wecallitafamily”?A．Theybringhappinesstothefamily.B．Theycallliondancingafamilygame.C．Theylivetogetherinabigfamily.D．Theysupporteachotherlikeafamily.【答案】34．B35．A【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】36．D37．D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的传统舞狮，它在不断地演变，也获得了很多人的喜爱。34．细节理解题。根据“Itismeanttobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.”可知舞狮意在来年带来好运。故选B。35．细节理解题。根据“Anthonyperforms(表演)asthelion’shead”可知他扮演狮头。故选A。36．词义猜测题。根据“Inthepast,liondancingwasperformedmostlybymen.Butitisdifferenttoday”以及“Liondancingwillcontinuetoevolve”可知舞狮过去只有男性扮演，现在男性和女性都可以，说明舞狮在不断地演变，故此处划线部分意为“演变”。故选D。37．推理判断题。根据“Wecallitafamily,”Anandasays,“It’sreallygreat,becausewealwayshaveeachother’sbacks”可知他们把它叫作家庭，因为他们总是互相支持。故选D。（三）（2022·安徽·中考真题）AteamofscientistsarecarryingoutaprojectattheUniversityofGreenwichinLondon.TheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefoodonMars(火星)inthefuture.TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.Itwouldtakeatleast21monthstoreachMars,learnaboutitssurfaceandreturntoEarth.SoitwouldbeabighelpifthespacemencouldgrowfreshfoodonMarsitself.FarmingonMars,however,willbeveryhard.There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurface,butthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(养分)thatlivingthingsneed.Theteamsaythattheycouldsolvetheproblembygrowingplantsandfishtogether.Fishwastecanthenbeusedtoprovidenutrientsforplants.“Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕获)fishforfoodthen.”【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】42．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto(指的是)?A．Thefutu