专题16 阅读理解 考点3 说明文-2022年中考英语真题分项汇编 （全国通用）（第1期）（原卷版）

【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】专题16阅读理解考点3说明文（一）（2022·新疆·中考真题）WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather’sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood(成年礼).Womenwouldgettheircourtesynamesaftergettingmarried.One’scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone’sgivenname.Forexample,thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean“carriage(马车)”.ZhugeLiang’sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans“verybright”.42．Howmanypartsarethereinpeople’snamesinancientChina?A．3.B．4.C．5.D．6.43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesy”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．名B．姓氏C．字D．昵称44．Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】A．Toshowtheirlove.B．Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.C．Toshowtheirkindness.D．Toshowtheirrespect.45．Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?A．Familyname.B．Nickname.C．Givenname.D．Courtesyname.46．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．ThefamouspoetLiBai.B．Threepartsofancientnames.C．Theancientnamesandthemodernnames.D．Thedevelopmentofnames.（二）（2022·安徽·中考真题）Haveyoueverseenlionsdancinginthestreets?Thelionsdancetothebeatofadrum(鼓).Ofcourse,theyarenotreallions.Theyaredancersinlioncostumes(服饰).LiondancingfirststartedinChinacenturiesago.Itismeanttobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.Usually,alionismadeupoftwodancers.Onedancercontrolsthehead.Theothercontrolsthetail.“Ithinkofitasasport,”saysAnthonyHuang,aged16.HeisamemberoftheNewYorkChineseFreemasonsAthleticClub.Anthonyperforms(表演)asthelion’shead.Itcanweigh20pounds.LiondancingisimportanttoAnthony.“Thistraditionreallyliftsmeup,”hesays.Inthepast,liondancingwasperformedmostlybymen.Butitisdifferenttoday.LionDanceMeisaliondancinggroupinSanFrancisco,California.Thereareboysandgirlsonitsteam.Theydancetogether.“Anyonecantakeupliondancing.Youhavetobelievethatyoucandoit,”saysAnandaTang-Lee,a17-year-oldgirl.Liondancingwillcontinuetoevolve.Butateam’ssenseofcommunitywillneverchange.“Wecallitafamily,”Anandasays,“It’sreallygreat,becausewealwayshaveeachother’sbacks.”34．Whydopeopleperformliondancing?A．Toselllion-dancingcostumes.B．Towishforaluckynewyear.C．Toprotectthelionsinthewild.D．Toshowskillsofplayingthedrum.35．WhichroledoesAnthonyplayinliondancing?A．Thelion’shead.B．Thelion’stail.C．Thedrummer.D．Thedresser.【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】36．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolve”mean?A．延期B．模仿C．举办D．演变37．Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromAnanda’swords“Wecallitafamily”?A．Theybringhappinesstothefamily.B．Theycallliondancingafamilygame.C．Theylivetogetherinabigfamily.D．Theysupporteachotherlikeafamily.（三）（2022·安徽·中考真题）AteamofscientistsarecarryingoutaprojectattheUniversityofGreenwichinLondon.TheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefoodonMars(火星)inthefuture.TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.Itwouldtakeatleast21monthstoreachMars,learnaboutitssurfaceandreturntoEarth.SoitwouldbeabighelpifthespacemencouldgrowfreshfoodonMarsitself.FarmingonMars,however,willbeveryhard.There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurface,butthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(养分)thatlivingthingsneed.Theteamsaythattheycouldsolvetheproblembygrowingplantsandfishtogether.Fishwastecanthenbeusedtoprovidenutrientsforplants.“Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕获)fishforfoodthen.”42．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto(指的是)?A．Thefuture.B．Theproject.C．Theland.D．Theplanet.43．WhatmakesitdifficulttofarmonMars?A．Icebelowthesurface.B．Toomuchfishwaste.C．Themissingoflivingthings.D．Thepoorlandcondition.44．HowdoesDrBenzKotzenfeelaboutFeedingMars?A．Hopeful.B．Doubtful.C．Surprised.D．Funny.【中小学教辅资源店微信：mlxt2022】（四）（2022·安徽·中考真题）Thenightskyisourearliestlibrary.There,westoredourknowledge,andpasseditdownaroundthefire,beforeweinventedthewrittenword.Iremembergoingtothelocaluniversityforanastronomy(天文学)nightwhenIwasachild.Thatnight,IsawSaturn,oneoftheplanets,anditsringswithmyowneyesforthefirsttime.Theringsshonebrightagainsttheblacknessofspaceandsuddenlytheuniverse(宇宙)wasn’tsomethingthatyouonlyreadaboutorimaginedinyourhead.Itwasrightthere,andyouwereapartofit.Thatmomentispriceless.Whilestarlightisgood,lightpollutionhereonEarthcanbearealproblem.Forthepast200yearsorso,wehaveusedtoomuchelectricity(电)tomakethenightbrighter.However,brighterdoesn’tusuallymeanbetter,especiallywhenalotofthatlightshinesupintotheskywherenooneneedsit.Luckily,somecitieshavetakenactions,likesettingupnewdownward-directinglightsalongthestreets.Ihopeth