技术贸易壁垒对我国家电业的负面经济效应及应对

湘潭大学硕士学位论文技术贸易壁垒对我国家电业的负面经济效应及应对姓名：郭吐艳申请学位级别：硕士专业：产业经济学指导教师：王启云2006050880202090AbstractTBTisreferstoatradebarrierwhichtakesthenationalsecurity,theenvironmentalprotection,theconsumerbenefitasitsexistinglegitimatereason,thetechnicallawsandregulations,agreement,standardandauthenticationsystem,theprocedureofqualifiedevaluationandsoonasform,originatedfromdifferenttechnicaltrademeasuresystemandscienceandtechnologydevelopmentlevelofvariouscountries,lackofinformationsymmetryandinternationalcoordination,ordiscriminationagainstoverseasproductandsoon.Differentfromtraditionaltariffs,quotasandothertradebarrierswhichdirectlytothepriceandquantityrestrictionsonforeignimports,thetechnicalbarrierstotradereflectedinaseriesoftechnicalstandards,regulationsandcertificationprocedures.Itsformleadstoitscharacteristicssuchasduality,diversityandhidden,itisthesecharacteristicsthattechnicalbarrierstotradetoflourishandreplaceoutdatedtraditionaltradebarriersininternationaltradebarriersbecomemainstream.China'shouseholdappliancesbackinthe1980sbegantomovetowardthemarket,after20yearsofmarkettest,thisindustryhasbecomeChina'smarketizationandinternationalizationofthehighestlevel,themostcompetitiveindustryonthebasisofabatchofinternationallycompetitiveenterprises.Myhomeenterprisesnotonlyhascontrolledthedomesticmarket,buthasoccupiedaspaceininternationalmarket.Butsincethe1990s,WiththeprevalenceofTBTtointernationaltrade,currentlymorethanhalfofthehouseholdapplianceenterprisesplaguedbytechnicalbarrierstotrade,technicalbarrierstotradehasbecomethemajorobstaclefortheexpansionofexportsofChina'shouseholdapplianceproducts.ItisamuststudyandresolveissueforindustryandacademiainChinawithregardtohowtocorrectlytreatanddealwithtechnicalbarrierstotrade,meanwhileenhancethecorecompetitivenessofourproductsinordertotransferthepressuretothedrivingforceandthecrisistoanopportunity.Itisgreatpracticalsignificanceforustomakeresearchonthenegativeeffectoftechnicalbarriertohomehouseholdindustryinordertofindtheeffectiveresponsemeasures.ThisarticleexplorethemainlinebyanalyzingtheeconomiceffectsofTBTandseekingtheresponsemeasures,startedwithInducedandsummarizedtheresearchfruitsofscholarsinvariouscountriesaboutthetechnicaltradebarrierdeterminationandthedivisionandtheredefinitionofTBT,thensummarizedthecharactersanddevelopingtrendofTBT,afterthis,analyzedthenegativeeconomiceffectandmechanismofTBTonourhomehouseholdapplianceindustryinthreedifferentperspectiveanglesofmarket(thepriceeffect),producer(thecosteffect),industry(thebenefiteffect)byintroductionofbasicenterprisecostmodelandgeneralbalancedmodelinwesterneconomics,thendiscussedtheinternalandexternalreasonswhyhomehouseholdapplianceindustryfacingtheTBTfromaspectsofenterprisesitself,domesticenvironmentandinternationalenvironment,finallybasedontheanalyzedreasonsinlastchapter,discussedtheresponsemeasuresregardinghowtodealwiththeTBTfacingourhomehouseholdapplianceindustry.Keywords:Technicalbarriertotrade;householdapplianceindustry;Negativeeconomiceffect;responsemeasures11.1451/41.220701973Ulph1996Maches1997FisherSerra20002AlanOSykes1995CPChandJayatiGhosh2003RaviBatraHamidBeladi1998200320032003199820022001200332003200020011.31.441.51.2.,52.12.1.1TechnicalBarrierstoTradeTBT2.1.1.111.1.1.2Baldwin1970Maches19971DonnaRoberts,Timothy.E.JoslingandDavidOrdenAFrameworkforAnalyzingTechnicalTradeBarriersinAgriculturalmarketsMarketandTradeEconomicsDivision,EconomicResearchserviceU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturalBulletinNo.1876200062.1.1.3FisheSerra200022.1.1.42200114073WTOTBTWTOTBT2.1.1.545320021TBT2001541998125——··20017982.1.1.66WTOTBT72.1.2:62002272002691232.1,.[M].,20012.22.2.1102.2.22.2.3ISO/IEC:2.2.42.2.5111234WTO2.2.62.32.3.1WKEE2.3.2DVD2003122.3.3(ISO14000),908020133.13.1.1,5410903.1.2200515143.1.3WTO20041768965%3.1Key-MarkENECVDETUVBSLCIEIMQKEMAS-MarkNORDICGOSR-RPCBCEZUMEEIULCSAFCCNOMIRAMS-MarkT-MarkK-MarkPSBSABSwww.cesi.com.cn2005153.23.2.1123.2,.——··[M].,2001aOAOBOAOA,OBOB(b)DD1Q2Q3.2B(a)A’OOB’2Q(b)D’1Q162-23.3,.——··[M].,2001AAabdBb33.2.295%OABabcd173.4ACMCQ0P0DFAAC1MC1AC2MC1DGAC23.2.3.3.5aESPW(b)PW-CPWESPWESPW-CAX1X2(a)(b)PWMC0AC0AC1AC2MC1Q0Q1AP0DQOD=AR=MR=P0FGPC18X2A3.2.4PMPXT=PX/PM*100PXPMP1I1P2I1I23.6I1I2P1P2193.33.3.1200530%202005WKEE201010%20050.61%3%15%10%ROHS620055603.3.2200264.7%22.260%50041%30%24%20051013WKEE89()8910%~80%1201.644.4%54.5%136.6%7.3%0.866.3%19.6%0.51.912%83.3.3OEM8://zhejiang.customs.gov.cn2006214.14.1.11200225.3%1.73%30%5%220031:0.070.040.09200250%94.1.221%23.77%30%5%9[M].2004224.1.360%6000800010%4/5234.1.460%TVPC20ULBSITUV2004ISOIEC16700IECITUISO244.1IEC1906625004ITU19651896502800ISO194714613736,90%25,86%1500,370,1/53000,1/5,2/520%804.24.2.1,,,,,,,(SA8000),,60%25%264.2.284%89%90%2500,10%15%,10GDP1019954.2.39080%WTOWTOWTO10[J].2005-10-21275.1200,285.1,100%295.25.2305.3,12311111[J].200511483123--5.3--[J].200511325.4[J].2005115.4335.512ISO14000ISO14000ISO1400033443536[1],.——··[M].,2001