SAP 术语表

SAP(Systems,ApplicationsandProductsinDataProcessing)GlossaryInformationTechnologyhasmanykeywordsandSAPR/3hasintroducedmanyothers.InordertounderstandthefieldofSAPevenbetteryoushouldkeepthosetermsinmind.ALE(ApplicationLinkEnabling)ItprovidesintegrationforseparateR/3systems,keepingfullinteraction.Thismakespossibledistributedenterpriseapplications.ApplicationserverTheapplicationserverisusedtorunthebusinessapplicationprogramsintheR/3client/serverconcept.Theapplicationmodulesareloadedfromthedatabaseservertotheapplicationserverasrequired.ThustheapplicationserverrequiresonlystoragecapacitytoaccommodateUNIX,SwappingandtheSAPruntimeenvironment.BatchInputAtechniquetoinputdatasafely.Itensuresapplicationdataintegrityforbackgroundinterfaces.Itpretendstobesomeonetyping.Seealsodirectinput.CATT(ComputerAidedTestTool)Itallowsyoutocombineandautomatesequencesofrepeatabletransactionsintestprocedures.CATTreducesthenumberofmanualtests,andforcesyoutotestsystematically,defininginputvaluesandexpectedtestresults.CCMS(ComputerCenterManagementSystem)Itallowsyoutomonitor,controlandconfigureyourR/3system.Thistoolsetletsyouanalyzeanddistributeclientworkloadsandreportonresourceconsumptionforsystemcomponents.CentralSystemInanR/3centralsystem,bothapplicationanddatabasesoftwarearerunononecomputer.ClientIncommercial,organizationalandtechnicalterms,aself-containedunitinanR/3systemwithseparatemasterrecordsanditsownsetoftables.Client/ServerSystemClient/serversystemsarestructuredmodularly,withcomponentsworkinginasender/receiverrelationship.Softwarecomponentscanalsobeusedinaclient/serverrelationship.CommunicationServerItprovidestheconnectionbetweenlocalareaandwideareanetworksandmaybeeitherarouter,abridgeoragateway.InR/3installations,thecommunicationservermustsupporttheTCP/IPprotocoloverwideareanetworks.CompanycodeThesmallestorganizationalunitforwhichacompleteself-containedsetofaccountscanbedrawnupforpurposesofexternalreporting.Thisinvolvesrecordingallrelevanttransactionsandgeneratingallsupportingdocumentsforlegally-requiredfinancialstatements,suchasbalancesheetsandprofitandlossstatements.ComputertypeTheR/3systemsupportsvariouscomputertypesofSAP'splatformpartners,suchasBull,DEC,IBMandHP.ThesuitabilityofaparticularcomputertypedependsonsufficientCPUperformance.CommonProgrammingInterface-CommunicationsCommonCPI-CProgrammingInterfaceofCommunicationhasbeenintroducedbyIBMasahigh-levelinterfacetoSNA/LU6-2.CPI-ChasbecomethesubjectoftheX/OpenstandardizationandisusedbySAPtofacilitateprogram-to-programcommunicationbetweenR/3andexternalsystem.SAPoffersCPI-ClibrariesbasedonTCP/IP.CorrectionItcontainsalltheobjectsthatadeveloperhaschangedorcreated.Italsocontrolscustomizingthathasbeenmaintained.CSPAsystemtohelpSAPemployeestogivecomprehensivesupporttotheirclients.DataBaseServerThedatabaseserverstorestheSAPapplicationprogramsanddataintheR/3client/serverconcept.ItalsohandlestheSAPupdateprogramandbatchjobs.DirectInputArecenttechniquetoinputdatasafely.Itensuresapplicationdataintegrityforbackgroundinterfaces.Seealsobatchinput.DispatcherThesystemR/3agentthatidentifiesthetypeoftask(on-line,update,batch,etc.)andsendsthejobtoanidleworkprocess.EarlyWatchItisaservicethatentailshavingyourR/3installationregularlyinspectedbySAPemployees,inothertoensurehighsystemavailabilityandhighdatathroughputatalltime.EthernetItisaLANarchitectureusingbustopology.Thetransmissionspeedis10MBit/s.FDDI(FiberDistributedDataInterchange)Itisalocalhigh-speednetworkwithringtopologybasedonlightwaveconductors.Thetransmissionspeedis100MBit/s.FieldstatusIndicatorthatspecifieswhetherafieldcantakeanentryintheentryscreenorifitmustbefilled.FirewallItisameansofcontrollingaccessthroughapublicnetworktoaprivatenetwork.FTP(FileTransferProtocol)ItisthemostcommonlyusedfiletransmissionprotocoloftheTCP/IPprotocolfamily.GUI(GraphicUserInterface)AgraphicalinterfaceusedbySAPenvironmentaspartofthethreetiers.Itisnormallycalleduserfrontend.IDES(InternationalDemonstrationandEducationSystem)Itisamodelofaninternationalfirm.Itisaseparatedemonstrationandeducationsystemforspeedingupthepilotprocess.IMG(ImplementationManagementGuide)ItisahierarchicalstructurethatreflectstheR/3componenthierarchyandcontainseveryconfigurationactivity.Releasedfromversion3.0onwards.InstanceItmeansapplicationserverandeachonehasitsownsetofworkprocesses.IDoc(IntermediateDocument)AnIDocisadatacontainerfordataexchangebetweenSAPsystemsorbetweenanSAPsystemandanexternalsystem.ITS(InternetTransactionServer)ItlinkstheR/3applicationserverwithoneormoreWebservers,thusenablingtheR/3tocommunicatewiththeInternet.KernelItmeansastandardcorepreviouslyconfigured.Asetofdefaultparametersdeliveredwiththesystem.LAN(LocalAreaNetwork)Itisanetworkforaatightlylimitedareawithhighleveldatatransmissionperformance.CommonLANsincludeEthernet,TokenRingandFDDI.TheseLANssupportdifferenttransportprotocols,suchasTCP/IPandIPX.MatchcodeAtoolforfindingspecificrecords.Itismadeupofsearchterms.Itisusedtofindpossibleentriesforaninputfield.NumberrangeArangeofnumbersthatarelaiddownperfilefortheassignmen