2019考研英语一真题完整版

Borntowin2019年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）——跨考教育英语教研室SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphone___1___ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones__2__onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.__3__yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou__4__getlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou__4__can`tfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate__5__tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.Whenyoufindyourselfwell__6__atrail,butnotinacompletely__7__area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which__8__isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.__9__,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould__10__seesignsofpeople.Ifyou`veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe__11__howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another__12__:Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.__13__,evenindenseforest,youshouldableto__14__gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve__15__thewoods.Headtowardthese__16__tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor__17__lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.__18__,assumingyou`relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe__19__weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan__20__youtocivilization.1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]Until4.[A]formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides10.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confusedBorntowin12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate15.[A]from[B]through[C]beyond[D]under16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]exposeSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.BorntowinMuchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism，”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain'snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleistheA.enhancebankers’senseofresponsibilityB.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofitsC.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulationD.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicateA.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofitsB.governments’impatienceindecision-makingC.thesolidstructureofpub