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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 英语被动语态讲解及练习
学生姓名:就读学校:教材版本:总课次:任课教师:敖财芹补习科目:课程分班:上课时间:课题:英语被动语态讲解及练习一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分):Hisbicyclewasstolen.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说,有下面几种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如:Paperismadefromwood.(纸是由木材生产出来的。)Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.(这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。)Hewaswoundedinthefight.(他在战斗在受伤了。)Electricityisusedtorunmachines.(电是用来开动机器的。)(2)需要强调动作的对象时。例如:Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。)Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn’tbetakenaway.(阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。)Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.(他在比赛中获得了第一。)(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如:Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.(新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。)四、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲,被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态,重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下:1、一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.2、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词(B)am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would/should+be+动词的过去分词(2).was/were+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Shesaidthatsomenewfactorieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+动词的过去分词Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.Ididn’tknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must+be+done例如:Hecannotbefound./Imustbepaidforthis.五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、从句子意义上说,就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主动语态:人们说英语。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.被动语态:英语被说。Englishisspokeninmanycountries.例2.主动语态:我们造这座桥。Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.被动语态:这座桥被建造。Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.2、从语法的角度说,把原句的宾语改成主语。例1.主动语态:小王邀请你(宾语)XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.被动语态:你(宾语)被邀请。YouhasbeeninvitedtoalunchpartybyXiaoWang.例2.主动语态:你不准带走杂志(宾语)Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.被动语态:杂志(宾语)不准被带走.Thesemagazinesmustnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.例3.主动语态:他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态:他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.Hewasgivenamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态:一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.Amedalwasgiventohimforhiswonderfulwork.六、练习1.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.(提示)theproblem-be-discuss2.Hasanybodyfedthebirds?(提示)Hasanybody-be-feed3.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.(提示)theaccident-willbe-forget4.Theyarerepairingthecarinthegarage.(提示)thecar-bebeing-repair5.Someonemusthaveturnedonthelightwithoutyournotice.(提示)thelight-musthave-be-turnon6.Theyhavefoundwaystomakewastewaterclean.7.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.8.Theywon'tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.9.Youmaywritethisletterinpencil.10.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态复习A.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时:was/were+p.p.一般将来时:shall/willbe+p.p.现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时:should/wouldbe+p.p.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.haveB.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况:1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。例如:这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy.(break)C.熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)(填mustbethrownaway)②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)D.注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:①Thisdictionarymustn't_____fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren(变被动语态)Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动)He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如:Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:Whohasbrokenthecup?(改为被动语态)→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过
本文标题:英语被动语态讲解及练习
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