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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 2017年中考英语定语从句考点
第1页共9页定语从句请看下面的句子:Iwanttoknowtheboywhoisthetallest.句子做定语修饰boy(一)概念:定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子,叫定语从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。(二)定语从句的分类Ⅰ、限定性定语从句:从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:Thisisthebookthat/whichIwant.Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句:是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr.Green,whoiswatchingTV,ismyuncle.(三)(限定性)定语从句的结构Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why(四)定语从句的实质:二句合一(合并条件:人物先行在句一,又占句二一席地)Maryisagirl.合并为一个句子Shehaslonghair.思路:留(保留先行词)-----舍(舍去与先行词互指的词)----替(用关系词代替舍去部分)Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.请把下列句子二句合一thedoor2.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace第2页共9页(五)定语从句关系词的确定:a.先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语人:who/that物:which/that2.先行词做宾语人:who/whom/that物:which/that3.先行词做定语人:whose物:whose/ofwhich44..先先行行词词做做状状语语::wwhheenn,,wwhheerree,,wwhhyywho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.做题思路:先分解——分析——再合并分解Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.作主语Whom/that作定语从句的宾语Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.分解Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.作宾语注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语第3页共9页小结:关系词判断步骤首先,要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,thatwhom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich巩固练习:用适当代关系词填空1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.(六)只能用that,不能用which的情况:(1)先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,theone等不定代词时;(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时:(3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。(4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5)在以who,which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀:不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错先行词前有修饰,千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则:1.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.2.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.3.Isittheonethatyouwant?4.ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.5.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsee.6.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?7.Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?((七七))只只能能使使用用wwhhiicchh的的情情况况11..关关系系代代词词前前有有介介词词时时;;22..先先行行词词本本身身是是tthhaatt时时;;33..非非限限定定定定语语从从句句口口诀诀::要要有有wwhhiicchh别别着着急急,,介介词词提提前前逗逗隔隔离离。。ee..gg::11..TThhiissiisstthheeccllaassssrroooommiinnwwhhiicchhwweessttuuddiieeddffoorrttwwooyyeeaarr..22..SShheehhaassttwwooddoollllss,,wwhhiicchhaarreeffrroommhheerrppaarreennttss第4页共9页【定语从句命题趋势与预测】根据对定语从句部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知,今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:1.定语从句的功用和结构2.关系代词和关系副词的功用3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法【考点诠释】一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句1.通常只能用that的情况1)当先行词是不定代词a11,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等时。2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly.thevery.thelast等修饰时。3)如果先行词既指人又指物,应用关系代词that。【考例】Withoutfriendship,onecan'tbehappyalthoughheisrichenough.Asforme,Iwillneverforgetthedays__Ispentwithmydearestfriend.[哈尔滨市]A.thatB.whenC.who[答案]A。[解析]在定语从句中,引导词who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行词thedays作spent的宾语可判定用that引导。2.通常只用which的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句,用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句,而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句,如果两个从句都可以用that引导,那么其中一个应改用which引导。【考例】Manyyoungpeoplelovethesongs_________havegreatlyrics.[成都市]A.whoB.thoseC.which[答案]C。[解析]考查定语从句。定语从句的引导词有which,who,where,that,故排除B,who指人,又排除了A,先行词是物,故选C。二、考查以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。who而不用which。(2)在非限制性定语从句中,指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,who。(3)在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of+which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of+which/whom结构。【考例Theman_________gaveusatalkonscienceyesterdayisafamousscientist.[广东省]A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom[答案]A。[解析]本题考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为theman,指人,排除which;连接代词在从句中作主语,排除whose和whom。故本题选who。--Doyouknowtheman__isrunningalongthestreet?--Yes.HeisourEnglishteacher.[长沙市]A.whoB.whichC.whom[答案]A。[解析]考查定语从句。限制性定语从句,如果修饰人,一般用关系who,有时用that(作主语时用who较多)。三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+which。(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。第5页共9页(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。【考例】(2009·绵阳中考)Disneyisanamusementparkyoucanfinda11thenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when答案:B点拨:此题考查定语从句。先行词为anamusementpark指地点,故关系词用where。五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定;根据先行词的特殊用法而定。【考例】Doyouknowtheyounglady____yourmotheristalking?(湖北黄石)A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.which[答案]:C[命题立意]:本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。[试题解析]:先行词为theyounglady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talkwith的宾语,介词with可以放在关系代词之前,故应选C。【语法回顾】在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间,起联系的作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that,who,whom(只做宾语)主语、宾语、表语人Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisstandingunderatree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因Shegotacomputerwhich/that
本文标题:2017年中考英语定语从句考点
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