初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

1九年级语法复习：被动语态一．语态分类：英语动词分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即动作与主语之间是主动关系。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作与主语之间是被动关系。常译为“被…”“由…”。二．被动语态的用法(1)动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by短语。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.在微机课上学习文字操作技能(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.昨晚一些新电脑被偷。(3)突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。（4)一些固定结构中：常见的有“It’s+过去分词+that从句”句型。如：It’sreportedthat....据报道........It’sknownthat....众所周知.....________________....据说....______________大家都相信....三．被动语态的几种时态被动语态基本结构：_________________________时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does_________________一般过去时did________________含情态动词情态动词+do_________________一般将来时will/shalldo_________________现在完成时has/havedone_________________现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone过去将来时woulddowouldbedone过去完成时haddonehadbeendone动词不定式todotobedone跟踪练习：用动词的正确形式填空。1.English_________(use)themostwidelyintheworld.2.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.3.Thetelephone_______________(invent)in1876.4.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.5.______themagazine____________(cantake)outofthelibrary?四．主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态：Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语动词宾语被动语态：Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.原宾语be+doneby+原主语主动语态变被动语态的方法:1.宾语变主语。若宾语是人称代词，则应把宾格变为主格形式。如:me—I,us—we,him—he,her---she,them---they2.谓语变成被动形式。时态要与原句保持一致。3.主语变为介词by的宾语。如果是代词，则要将主格变为宾格，放在谓语动词之后。若无需说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。跟踪练习：把下列句子变为被动语态1.PeoplegrowteainHangzhou.______________________________2.Tompickedupapenjustnow._____________________________3.Icanfindhim._____________________________五．主动语态变被动语态注意事项：（一）主动变被动时，谓语动词时态要与原句保持一致，谓语动词的数要与新主语一致。如：Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.----Anewcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.（二）含有双宾语动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾),的主动语态变被动语态口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.------Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb跟踪练习：1.Hegavemeabook.I____________abookbyhim.Abook_____________mebyhim.2.Mymothermademeacake.I_________acakebymymother。Acake_______________mebymymother.注意：（1）常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。（2）常在间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,make,play,sing等。(三)短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可丢，如:laughat,listento,lookafter,findout,等.2Weshouldn’tlaughatthem.---Theyshouldn’tbelaughedat。(四)还原to:不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时要还原to记住下列变化：seesbdo…sbbeseentodo被看见做某事hearsbdo…._____________________被听见做某事makesbdo…___________________被让做某事跟踪练习:ThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.六．没有被动语态的动词1.一些不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：rise,happen.takeplace,cometrue,等。2.表示所属关系的词及短语无被动语态，如：have,belongto等。3.常见的：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewell等，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，不用被动语态，如：Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很畅销。如：Allthecomputersneed________________(require).所有的电脑需要被修理4.感官动词无被动语态，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell，become等。如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.七．主动形式表示被动1.need/requiredoingsth.需要被做某事，相当于need/requiretobedone.2.beworthdoing…值得…..主动形式表被动。如：Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。被动语态专项练习单选题：1.--Marywasheard___justnow.Whathappened?--Joewastellinghersomejokes.（2016泰安模拟31）AcryBlaughCtolaughDtocry2.--Whatlanguages____inthatcountry?---GermanandEnglish.（2016泰安模拟20）AarespeakingBarespokenCspeakDisspoken3.---It’sdifficulttogettotheothersideoftheriver.---Ithinkabridge__overtheriver.（2016威海模拟）AwillbuildBshouldbebuiltCarebuilt4.--WhenwillheleaveforShanghai?---Assoonasthework______（2015临清期末）AisfinishedBwillfinishedCwillbefinished5.He___bythebossattheendofeachmonth（2015曲阜附中模拟）ApaysBispaidCwaspaidDpaid6.--The20thWorldCup_____inBrazil,right?---Yes,It_____twoyearsago.（2015威海模拟）Aheld;tookplaceBwasheld;wastakenplaceCwasheld;tookplace7.Theorangelookedugly,butit____OK.（2016广饶模拟）AistastedBtastesCtasteDwastasted8.ThankstotheInternet,differentkindsofinformation___inashorttime（2015济南市中一模）AcanbelearnedBhasbeenlearnedCcanlearnDhaslearned9.Greatchanges________inHebeiinthepastfewyears.A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace10.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown11.Who______thisbook______?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written12.Astory______byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus13.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump14.Olderpeople______well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter15.Thisoldmachine______theroomwet.A.usedtokeepB.usedtokeepingC.wasusedtokeepingD.wasusedtokeep