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Grammar构词法英语构词法(WordFormation)常用的构词法:(见语法全解资料)•1.合成(Compounding)2.转化(Conversion)3.派生(Derivation)Compounding(合成)由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。1.用“-”符号连接,如:bank-note(钞票),hiding-place,reading-room,day-dream,good-looking2.直接写在一起,如:classroom,blackboard,cowboy,however,playground,myself,eggplant,snowstorm3.分开写,如:airconditioner,bloodpressure,solarsystem,creditcard,fastfood,busstop,postoffice1.合成形容词构成方式例词名词+现在分词English-speakingfreedom-loving爱好自由的south-facing朝南的名词+过去分词man-made人造的water-covered被水覆盖的名词+形容词snow-white雪白的day-long整天的would-famous形容词+名词+-edwarm-heartedshort-sighted近视的1.合成形容词构成方式例词形容词/副词+现在分词ordinary-looking相貌平常的hard-working努力工作的funny-looking样子滑稽的副词+过去分词well-known/well-behavedbetter-trained受到良好教育的形容词/副词+名词right-handed右手的fast-foodpart-time/full-time快餐的数词+名词100-meter100米的million-pound百万英镑的2.合成名词构成方式例词名词+名词weekend/classroom/wastelandnewspaper/bookshop形容词/介词+名词loudspeaker扬声器gentlemanafternoon/blackboard动词+名词pickpocket扒手cookbooktypewriter打字机食谱动名词+名词reading-room/sleeping-pillssleeping-car卧铺安眠药2.合成名词构成方式例词名词+动名词handwriting笔迹sun-bathing日光浴tape-recording磁带录音副词+动词outcome结果,后果outbreak爆发downpour大雨动词+副词breakthrough/makeup名词+动词daybreak破晓toothpick牙签名词+in/to+名词editor-in-chief主编brother-in-law/heart-to-heart真诚的3.特殊的合成词•1.agood-for-nothingfellow一无是处的•2.asix-foot-highbuilding•3.afive-meter-wideroad•4.round-the-clockservice全天候的服务•5.middle-of-the-roadpolicy温和路线政策•6.hand-to-hand肉搏的;短兵相接的•7.man-to-mantalk坦诚的;人盯人的•8.wait-and-seepolicy观望的政策•9.hard-and-fastrule硬性规定(必须遵守)3.特殊合成词•stander-by•旁观者•grown-up•成年人•looker-on•旁观者•passer-by•过路人•bited-sized•短小的•go-between•中间人•up-coming•即将来临的•update•v.更新,使现代化•disaster-hit遭受灾难的•slow-acting慢性作用的•in-born天生的Conversion(转化):一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。(1)v—n:(2)n—v:(3)adj—v:(4)adv—v:charge(v)—charge(n)hand(n)—hand(v)clean(adj)—clean(v)down(adv)—down(v)打倒注意:词性转化后,有些单词读音会发生变化:excuse原谅v.–excusen.借口1)前缀(prefix)一般不造成词类的转变,只是引起意思的变化.Derivation(派生):由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。一、否定前缀前缀意义用法例词dis-不,相反,取消,分离加在名词或动词前dishonour,dislike,discover,disappeardismiss解散,解雇un-不,未=not加在形容词或动词前unable,unfairnon-不,无加在动词或名词前nonsmoker,nonexistencemis-错误加在动词或名词前mistake,misfortune,misread前缀意义用法例词im-不,非(=not)用在字母b,m,p之前Imbalance,immoral,impossibleir-不,非用在字母r之前irregular(不规则的)il-不,非用在字母l之前illegal(不合法的)illogical(不合逻辑的)in-不,非用在其他字母之前injustice(不公平的)incorrect前缀意义用法例词ab-偏离,脱离,相反abnormal畸形的,不正常的abuse滥用;虐待contra-相反contradict反驳contrary相反anti-反对;防;抗anti-tank反坦克theAnti-JapaneseWar抗战antibiotic抗生素;抗生的Antivirus抗病毒;杀毒软件Guessthemeaning~!dis+ability(能力)dis+order(顺序)un+limitted(有限的)in+human(人类)im+moral(道德)ir+relative(有关的)il+legal(合法的)mis+doing(做)mis+trust(信任)non+smoking(吸烟)non+stop(停止)disability无能的,残疾的disorder无序的unlimitted无限的inhuman不人道的immoral不道德的irrelative无关的illegal不合法的misdoing做坏事mistrust不信任nonsmoking不吸烟的nonstop不停止的;直达的其他前缀前缀意义用法例词en-致使...、使之如...加在名词、形容词前enable,endanger,enlarge,enrich,enslavemulti-多…的,多样的加在名词、动词前multicultural,multichannel,前缀意义用法例词tele-远的,远距离的加在名词前telephone,television,TelescopeTelecommunication远程通讯kilo-千…加在表示单位的词前kilogram,kilometer,前缀意义用法例词a….的常用作表语形容词alone/asleep/alike/alive/awakere-再,又;重;加在名词、动词前return,review,reunion,restart前缀意义用法例词auto-自动的自己的,本身的automobile汽车Autonomous自治的autobiography自传automatic自动的be-使成为把…当作belittle小看befriend以朋友相待,把…当朋友前缀意义用法例词tri-三tricycletrianglebi-两,双bicyclebilingual双语bilateral双边的eco-生态的环境的ecosystem生态系统eco-friendly生态环保的前缀意义用法例词fore-前部预先foreword前言forecast预报foretell语言foreheadpre-预先precaution预防preparepreviouspost-后postwar战后的postgraduate研究生postpone推迟前缀意义用法例词mini-小,短minibusminimumout-超越;向外outlive活的比…久outgoingoutgrow因长大而不再适用over-过于;额外;上空overload过载over-estimate高估over-confident前缀意义用法例词inter-相互;彼此internetinterviewinternationalinteraction相互作用sub-亚的;次于;下面subtitle副标题;字幕subtropical亚热带subwaytrans-横穿;从…到translatetransplanttransformtransportGuessthemeaning~!dis+ability(能力)dis+order(顺序)un+limitted(有限的)in+human(人类)im+moral(道德)ir+relative(有关的)il+legal(合法的)mis+doing(做)mis+trust(信任)non+smoking(吸烟)non+stop(停止)disability无能的,残疾的disorder无序的unlimitted无限的inhuman不人道的immoral不道德的irrelative无关的illegal不合法的misdoing做坏事mistrust不信任nonsmoking不吸烟的nonstop不停止的;直达的en+chain(锁链)en+cage(笼子)tele+fax(传真)tele+focus(聚焦)re+arrange(安排)re+appear(出现)multi+media(媒体)multi+form(形式)kilo+litre(升)kilo+watt(瓦)enchain用链锁住encage关入笼子telefax远程传真telefocus远距离聚焦rearrange重新安排reappear重现multimeia多媒体multiform多种多样的kilolitre千升kilowatt千瓦二、后缀形容词后缀1.动词后加-able,-ible,-ble(构成形容词)可……的acceptable可以接受的;comfortable舒适的eatable可吃的suitable合适的visible可见的,impossible不可能的2.-ful(构成形容词)有某种特质:useful有用;thankful感谢的;beautiful美丽的3.–al与…有关national国家的natural自然的personal个人的(特殊arrival/approval/survival)•4.–ian/-an某国人的;…专家•American/Asian/Canadian/musician/mathematician•5.–ern表示方向eastern•6.–less表否定carelessuseless•7.–ic/-ical与…有关politics—political政治的electric/electrical•8.–ese表示“…人的”ChineseJapanese•9.–lyfriendly/yearly/likely/lovely•10.–ycloudy/rainy/dusty/dirty.11.-ish(构成形容词)English英国人的;Polish波兰人的;foolish愚蠢;babyish婴儿般的;longish颇长的;youngish颇年轻的;childish孩子气的,幼稚的12.–ous有…性质的poisonous有毒的mountainous多山的13.–some引起…易于…troublesomequarrelsome爱争吵的名词后缀1.动词加-er-or(构成名词)使动者:rider骑自行车的人;painter画家;builder建造者,visitor(参观者),translator(翻译)2.-ese(构成形容词或名词)来自某一地方Japanese日本的
本文标题:室内装修预算
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