高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题

必修五Unit1讲义characteristicn.特征；特性指某人或某物天生有别于他人的内部特质Genesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.character（高考三大意思）1.表示人的“性格”或“品质”Theyaretwinsbuthavequitedifferentcharacters.It'sthatkindofcourageanddeterminationthatmakeshimsucharemarkablecharacter2.表示小说或戏剧等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可数名词。如：Whoisthemaincharacterintheplay?3.表示“文字”，指书写符号或印刷符号等，是可数名词。如：Hewritesbeautifulcharacters.Chinesecharacter汉字analysesb'scharacterbuildandformone'scharacterradiumn.镭paintern.画家；油漆匠必修注意：paint做动词两个意思：1.绘画2.粉刷，油漆putforward提出；把时钟往前拨，把东西往前移（常忘记的词组）Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?Heputforwardanewplan.Putyourwatchforward;it'sfiveminutesslower.Whydon'tyouputyourchairforwardtogetabetterview?putdown记下；放下；镇压putout熄灭putaside放在一边；储存；保留putoff推迟；延期putup；举起；张贴；搭建puton穿上；上映，上演；增加putaway收好，整理，归类ThebandarehopingtoputonaUKshowbeforetheendoftheyear.IcaneatwhatIwantbutIneverputonweightWeshouldputasideourdifferencesanddiscussthethingswehaveincommonscientificadj.科学的concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusionn.结论；结束drawaconclusion提出结论analysevt.分析infectvt.传染；感染（病毒，疾病），或者污染（比如说水质被污染不干净了）affecteffect辨析affect强调影响的动作，过程。（做动词）ThedivorceaffectedJimdeeplyClimateandweatheraffecteveryaspectofourliveseffect强调影响的结果（一般做名词，有时也动词），常接句型：haveaneffectonsth.Ifanareaisaffectedbyflooding,theeffectcanbedevastating。infectiousadj.传染的defeatvt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败[辨析]win,beat与defeatwin“赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.expertadj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n.专家；行家attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加（照顾可加to也可不加）attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting/schoolattendto:tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾，看护Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.physiciann.医生；内科医师physicist:物理学家doctor医生,是个通用词,几乎什么场合都能用.physician主要是指“内科医生”,与“外科医生（surgeon）（此单词要背）”相对,当然在美语中我也经常听到普通医生也说surgeon.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光expose…to（to做介词）使显露；暴露Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(书本原句)但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。exposedtocholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.beexposedtosth.(to做介词)HisskinisexposedtothesunWearesupposedtobeexposedtoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.deadlyadj.致命的curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗outbreakn.爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战victimn.受害者victim是受害人，受伤或在意外中死亡的人都可以称为victimNotallthevictimssurvived.sufferer是受难者或患病者，一般指遭受苦难或患病的人absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心句型：beabsorbedin(1)专注，聚精会神beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto=concentrateon集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.Absorbedinhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.（2）吸收，把……吸收入Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸收光线。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.suspectvt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯enquiryn.询问(此单词高考少见，不过生活中倒是见得多，=inquiry)比如说某个单位的问询处，公安办案的询问，都是此单词neighbourhoodn.附近；邻近intheneighborhood在附近severeadj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的(=soserious)Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.clueadj.线索；提示pumpn.泵；抽水机vt.（用泵）抽（水）Cambridge剑桥大街foreseevt.预见；预知fore为前缀：在前面，在以前。由此可得出很多词汇的大概意思forearmn.前臂foreheadn.前额foresightn.先见之明,远见,深谋远虑foretasten.预尝,先试foretellv.预言,预测forewarnv.预先警告forewordn.前言,引言,序forecastv./n.foregroundn.前景（background背景）investigatevt.&vi.调查investigationn.调查blamevt.责备；谴责过失；责备blamesb.forsth./doingsth.因某事责备某人Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.betoblamefor(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:betoblame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.pollutevt.污染；弄脏handlen.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵=dealwith（此单词两个意思老会忘记其中一个，必须牢记）germn.微生物；细菌linkvt.&n.连接；联系link…to…将……和……联系或连接起来announcevt.宣布；通知certaintyn.确信；确实instructvt.命令；指示；教导responsibleadj.有责任的；负责的（beresponsiblefor对......有责任）名词形式为responsibility责任初学此单词及其容易与response混淆responsen.回应，回复（theresponseto）,动词形式为respondTherehasbeennoresponsetohisremarksfromthegovernmentconstructvt.建设；修建constructionn.建设；建筑物（underconstruction在建设当中）contributevt.&vi.捐献，贡献；导致，助于1.此单词初三学过一个短语为makeacontributionto（为.....作出贡献）Thisinventionmadeamajorcontributiontoroadsafety.2.Hisresearchhascontributedalottoourunderstandingofthisdisease.Hepromisedtocontribute$5,000totheschoolrebuildingproject.3.contributeto可表示“导致，促成；有助于”。此句型的结构和意思有点类似于leadtoSmokingcertainlycontributedtohisearlydeath.apartfrom除……之外；此外1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。fireworkn.烟火（燃放）chartn.图表creativeadj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的co-operativeadj.合作的positiveadj.积极的；肯定的；确实的（be）strictwith…对……严格的revolutionaryadj.革命的；重大变革的movementn.移动；运动；动作makesense讲得通；有意义Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatforthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.backwardadv.&adj.向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）loopn.圈；环privatelyadv.私下地；秘密地spinvi.&vt.(使)旋转；纺（线或纱）brightnessn.明亮；亮度；聪颖enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的句型：beenthusiasticaboutcautiousad