中国四大发明PPT课件模板

中国古代的四大发明文明世界，造纸术、印刷术、指南针、火药，开创了文化的先河，每一项发明都是至关重要的，四大发明的发明人也被载入了史册。时间：20XX.XX汇报人：XXX中/国/传/统四/大/发/明CHINESEFOURINVENTIONSDIRECTORYPapermakingtechnologyArtofprintingCompassgunpowderPerception造纸术PARTONEPAPERMAKINGTECHNOLOGYPAPERMAKINGTECHNOLOGY造纸术发明者Inventorofpapermaking——蔡伦CaiLun约63-121年About63-121years字敬仲，耒阳人Jingzhong,fromLeiyang东汉造纸术发明家EasternHanpapermakinginventorSTUDYDILIGENTLY春秋时的书，主要是以竹子为材料制造的，把竹子破成一根根竹签，称为竹“简”，用火烘干后在上面写字。DuringtheSpringandAutumnperiod,booksweremainlymadeofbamboo,whichwasbrokenintobamboosticksandcalledbambooslips.Afterbeingdriedwithfire,theywerewrittenontopofthem.竹简有一定的长度和宽度，一根竹简只能写一行字，多则几十个，少则八九个。Bambooslipshaveacertainlengthandwidth,andeachbambooslipcanonlywriteonelineofcharacters,rangingfromdozenstoeightornine.一部书要用许多竹简，这些竹简必须用牢固的绳子之类的东西编连起来才能阅读。Abookrequiresmanybambooslips,whichmustbewovenandconnectedwithsturdyropesorsimilarmaterialsinordertoberead.STUDYDILIGENTLY像《易》这样的书，当然是由许许多多竹简编连起来的，因此有相当的重量。BookslikeYiare,ofcourse,connectedbynumerousbambooslips,孔丘花了很大的精力，把《易》全部读了一遍，基本上了解了它的内容。andthereforehaveconsiderableweight.KongQiuputalotofeffortintoreadingalloftheBookofChangesandbasicallyunderstooditscontent.不久又读第二遍，掌握了它的基本要点。Soonafter,Ireaditagainandmastereditsbasicpoints.接着，他又读第三遍，对其中的精神、实质有了透彻的理解。Then,hereaditathirdtimeandgainedathoroughunderstandingofitsspiritandessence.STUDYDILIGENTLY在这以后，为了深入研究这部书，又为了给弟子讲解，他不知翻阅了多少遍。Afterwards,inordertodelvedeeperintothisbookandexplainittohisdisciples,heflippedthroughitcountlesstimes.这样读来读去，把串连竹简的牛皮带子也给磨断了几次，不得不多次换上新的再使用。Readingandreadinglikethis,Ihavewornthecowhidestrapsthatconnectthebambooslipsseveraltimes,andhavetoreplacethemwithnewonesmultipletimesbeforeusingthem.即使读到了这样的地步，孔子还谦虚地说：“假如让我多活几年，我就可以完全掌握《易》的文与质了。”出处《史记·孔子世家》Evenafterreadingtothispoint,Confuciushumblysaid,IfIweretoliveafewmoreyears,IwouldbeabletofullygraspthetextandqualityoftheBookofChanges.MAINRAWMATERIALS檀木，荛花（雁花），菠萝叶，草木灰，竹子，马拉巴粟树糊等Sandalwood,willowflowers(wildgooseflowers),pineappleleaves,plantash,bamboo,Malabarmilletpaste,etc011、取檀木，雁皮（荛花）等树皮，捣碎，加入草木灰等用蒸煮。1.Takethebarkofsandalwood,wildgoosebark(willow),andothertrees,mashthem,addplantash,andsteamthem.022、再将蒸煮过的树皮原料，放于向阳山上，日晒雨林，不断翻覆，让树皮自然变白。2.ThenplacethesteamedbarkrawmaterialsonXiangyangMountain,exposethemtosunlightintherainforest,andcontinuouslyflipthemovertoallowthebarktonaturallyturnwhite.MAINRAWMATERIALS033、将树皮原料等碾碎，浸泡，发酵，打浆，加入树糊调和成浆3.Crush,soak,ferment,beatbarkrawmaterials,etc.,addtreepaste,andmixtoformapulp044、用抄纸器将捣好的纸浆，抄成纸张4.Useapapercuttertomakepaperfromthebeatenpulp055、将抄好后纸张，置于阳光晒干5.PlacethecopiedpaperinsunlighttodryPAPERMAKINGTECHNOLOGY造纸术首先传入朝鲜、日本，再有阿拉伯人传入欧洲，对世界文明的发展产生了深远的影响。PapermakingwasfirstintroducedtoNorthKoreaandJapan,followedbytheintroductionofArabstoEurope,whichhadaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofworldcivilization.造纸术是中华民族对人类的杰出贡献。PapermakingisanoutstandingcontributionoftheChinesenationtohumanity.印刷术PARTTWOARTOFPRINTINGARTOFPRINTING印刷术发明者Inventorofprintingtechnology——毕升BiSheng约(972年-1051)年About(972-1051)years北宋时期NorthernSongDynasty发明家inventorARTOFPRINTING制作毛胚Makinghairembryos用胶泥刻字Engravecharacterswithadhesive薄如钱唇Thinasacoinlip每字一印Oneprintperword火烧令坚Burntomakestrong活字存放Movabletypestorage欲印，则以一铁范置铁板上Toprint,placeanironmoldonanironplate其上以松脂\蜡和纸灰之类冒之Itiscoveredwithresin,wax,andpaperashARTOFPRINTING活字排版Typesetting乃密布字印，满铁范为一板Itisdenselyprintedwithcharacters,andthefullironpatternisoneboard持就火炀之，则字平如砥HoldontothefireandYang,thenthecharacterisasflatasastone活字印刷movable-typeprinting常作二铁板Oftenusedasasecondironplate一板已自布字Oneboardhasalreadybeenselfarrangedwithcharacters一板印刷OneboardprintingARTOFPRINTING说明对象descriptionobject特征features每字为一印Oneprintperword字是活的Wordsarealive密布字印Denseprinting排板是活的Theboardislive二板更互替之Replaceeachotheronthesecondboard印刷方法是活的Theprintingmethodisactive每字皆有数印Everywordhasafewprints字印数目是活的Thenumberofprintedcharactersislive奇字旋刻Strangecharacterrotarycarving做法是活的Themethodisalive印完后“火令药熔”，字印“殊不沾污”Afterprinting,thewordsfiremakesmedicinemeltandthewordsdonotstainareprinted可继续使用也体现活CancontinuetouseandreflectvitalityARTOFPRINTING活板印刷的工作流程Theworkflowofflipchartprintingplating制板print印刷lettering刻字platearrangement排版活字原料Activetyperawmaterials活字刻法Movabletypeengravingmethod活字特点Characteristicsofmovabletype活字成型Movabletypeforming设铁板Setironplate冒药物Counterfeitmedicine排字模Typesettingpattern就火炀JustfireYang平模面Flatmoldsurface一板单印Singleboardprinting二板更互替之ReplaceeachotheronthesecondboardARTOFPRINTING印刷术发明以后，首先传入朝鲜、日本、越南等国，又逐渐向西传入中亚、西亚和欧洲，对世界文化的传播与交流起了巨大的推动作用。Aftertheinventionofprinting,itwasfirstintroducedtocountriessuchasNorthKorea,Japan,andVietnam,andgraduallyspreadwestwardtoCentralAsia,WestAsia,andEurope,playingahugeroleinpromotingthedisseminationandexchangeofworldculture.指南针PARTTHREECOMPASSCOMPASS指南针发明者CompassinventorI——沈括shenkuo约1041-1048年Around1041-1048字存中Characterstorage天文学家astronomerCOMPASS大约在十二世纪末到十三世纪初,指南针由海路传入阿拉伯,然后由阿拉伯传入欧洲。Aroundtheendofthe12thcenturytothebeginningofthe13thcentury,thecompasswasintroducedtoArabiabysea,andthentoEuropefromArabia.海路Searoute阿拉伯Arab欧洲Europe火药PARTFOURGUNPOWDERGUN