初中英语动词不定式的基本用法

1动词不定式（theinfinitive）的基本用法动词不定式1.基本构成：to+动词原形，其否定形式是“not/nevertodo/notdo”.2.基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。一、不定式的句法功能1.作主语eg:It’sverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschool.不定式做主语时,常用代词it来代替不定式结构,这时it被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.★不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成,即：It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.+todosth.跟踪练习1.It’sveryniceofthem________(send)metheflowers.2._________(become)ateacherismydream.3.It’sveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.(同义句转换)________________Englishwell______veryimportant.4.It’simportant_______Chinesewell.A.tolearnB.learnC.learningD.learns2.作表语eg：Thebestwaytoraisemoneyistosellnewspapers.表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等，可与系动词构成系表结构。eg：HerwishistostudyinJiYanMiddleschool.Myjobistocleanthestreets.跟踪练习1.Myworkis__________(clean)theroomeveryday.2.Hisdreamis_________(be)adoctor.3.作宾语eg：Thedriverofferedtohelpthepatient.有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有：agree,2ask,choose,decide,want,wouldlike,fail,help,hope,plan等。跟踪练习1.Myfriendswant________(book)someticketstothemovieforus.2.Myparentsdecide_______(give)memoremoney.3.Heplans________(go)toBeijingforaholiday.4.Theboyhopes________(pass)theEnglishexam.5.Mylittlesonisable_________(read)somewords.6.I’lltrymybest_________(help)you.7.Shewouldlike_________(become)beautiful.4.作宾语补足语eg：Itallowspeopletogetclosertothem.Theworldwidefundfornaturechosethepandatobeitssymbol.动词不定式作宾语补足语，常构成的句式为：v.+sb./sth.+todo。此类常见的动词有：tell,ask,want,wish,teach,help,order,invite,get,allow,send,lead,encourage,advise,warn,bear,beg,cause,command,drive,elect,expect,forbid,force,hate,intend,leave(留下),like,mean,need,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,train,trouble等36个动词。即：asksb.todosth.让某人做某事；tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事；invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事；helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事；wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事；allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事；...eg：Myfriendinvitesmetocometohishome.IaskedPaultocarrythebox.其否定形式为：v.+sb./sth.not/never+todo。即：tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某事;asksb.nottodosth.让某人不要做某事；warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事；ordersb.nottodosth.命令某人不要做某事；eg：Myteachertellsusnottomaketoomuchnoise.跟踪练习1.Don’taskJim_____(go)swimmingwithus,becausehismotherwon’tallowhim____(do)so.2.Doesyoumotherlikeyou________adoctor?A.beingB.tobeC.areD.become3.Myteacheralwaystellsme________(study)hard.4.Idon’twantyou_________(help)me.5.She’dlikeme_________(join)them.36.Iwishyou________(have)agoodtime.7.Mybestfriendsteachme_________(swim).8.Herboyfriendofteninvitesher_________(have)dinner.9.Mymotheralwaysgetsmyfather_________(do)housework.10.Iorderyou_________(wash)yourhands.★在动词think,believe,know,find,understand,take等之后，作宾补的不定式多由“tobe＋adj．”构成。eg:TheyfindtheChinesepeopletobehappyandcheerful．Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe．★在某些短语后也可跟不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：waitfor,callon,dependon,carefor,longfor等。eg:Thecrocodilewaitedforthemonkeytocomedownagain．ThechairmancalledonMr.Browntospeak．Ishouldn'tcareforthatmantobemydoctor．★有些动词后接省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，即：动词不定式在使役动词（make，let，have）或感官动词（feel，listento，hear，lookat，see，watch，notice）之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。句式为：v.+sb./sth.+do;其否定形式为：v.+sb./sth.+not/neverdo。为了便于记忆，我们可以这样记：“一感”（feel）“二听”（listen，hear）“三让”（let，make，have）“四看”（lookat，see，watch，notice）eg：Hiswordsmakeseveryonelaugh.HismotherlethimnotwatchTV.Ifeltsomeoneopenmydoor．Pleaselistentomesingthesongagain．注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较：Iheardhersing．我听见她唱了歌。◆Iheardhersinging．我听见她在唱歌。★个别动词，如:help既可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。eg：Shehelpsme(to)domyhomework.跟踪练习41.Whentheywentintothepark,theysawsomeone_______ChineseKongfu.A.playsB.playedC.toplayD.playing2.Mr.Brownmadehisstudents_______thenewwordsagain.A.copyingB.copyC.tocopyD.copied3.Pleaseletthestudents_________down.A.sittingB.satC.sitD.tosit4.---IsWeiFanggoodatsinging?---Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearher_____inherroom.A.tosingB.singC.singsD.singing5.Astrangenoisemademe________(stop)mywork.5.作状语eg:Wearesorrytohearthat.(作原因状语)Let’sstoptohavearest.(作目的状语)Shedidn’tworkhardenoughtopasstheexam.(作结果状语)跟踪练习1.Shesellsflowers_______makemoney.A.madeB.makeC.tomakeD.tobemade2.Theroomisnotbigenough_________.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving3.I’msorry______you.A.troubleB.troublewithC.totroubleD.troubleabout4.Heistooyoung_________(go)toschool.6.作定语eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.动词不定式作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的词后，即后置，往往表示未发生的动作。跟踪练习1.Doyouhaveanythingmore_________(要说)?2.Shehasalotofwork_________(做)everyday.3.Theoldmanhasahouse_________(住).4.Sheisaniceperson__________(相处).