大学英语Early-and-Medieval-English-Literature

PartOneEarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureHistoricalBackgroundLiteraryBackgroundBritonsCelticlanguage(Britain)↓↓RomanConquestLatin(55BC—78AD—410AD)(Christianity;Romancivilization)↓↓EnglishConquestOldEnglish/Anglo-Saxon(5thC—7thC;(paganpoems--halfpaganhalfChristian----Beowulf,Anglo-SaxonPeriod/Christianpoets—CaedmonEarlyPeriod/&Cynewulf)OldEnglishTime)↓↓DanishInvasionOldEnglish(8th—11th;Vikings;)(KingAlfredtheGreat)↓↓不列颠人凯尔特语罗马人征服盎格鲁-撒克逊《贝奥武甫》凯德蒙基涅武甫英国人征服丹麦人入侵阿尔弗雷德王Angles,Saxons&Jutes盎格鲁人，撒克逊人&朱特人NormanConquestNormanLords----French(1066;Anglo-NormanPeriod;ChristianChurch--LatinMiddleEnglishPeriod;CommonPeople----English（egP6）MiddleAges)(Domesday’sBook)↓↓FeudalPeriodRomance(KingArthur)(11thC—15thC;Ballads(RobinHood)TheRisingof1381)EnglishWritings(Langland,Chaucer)诺曼底征服朗兰乔叟1381年农民起义《末日审判书》RepresentativeWorks&Writers★--Beowulf•thegreatnationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:alongnarrativepoemaboutthedeedsofoneormoreheroes,oranation’spasthistory,usuallyinagrandceremoniousstyle.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividualandalsointerlacethemainnarrativewithmyths,legends,folktalesandpastevents.eg:Homer’sIlliad&OdysseyVirgil’sAneidMilton’sParadiseLost民族史诗《贝奥武甫》Epic史诗Primitiveepic/folkepic(oforaltradition,notwrittendown)eg:Homer’sIliadandOdyssey,Beowulf,TheSongofRolandLiteraryepic/artepic(iscomposedwithpenandinkattheverybeginning)eg:Virgil’sAeneid,Milton’sParadiseLost(Inverse)Epic(inprose):Eg:Tolstoy’sWarandPeaceJamesJoyce’sUlyssesSteinbeck’sTheGrapesofWrathMockepic:funnyuseoftheelaborateconventionsofepicpoetryEg:Pope’sTheRapeoftheLock滑稽史诗TypesofPoetry:NarrativePoem叙事诗DramaticPoem戏剧诗LyricalPoem抒情诗Epic史诗Ballad民谣Verseromance浪漫诗歌（RobertBrowning’sdramaticmonologues罗伯特·勃朗宁的戏剧独白）•StoryWhatarethethreepartstoldinthestoryofBeowulf?WhatqualitiescanweseefromBeowulf?Whatisthethemeofthestory?Itconveysahopethattherighteouswilltriumphovertheevil.ItdescribestheheroicdeedsofaScandinavianhero,Beowulf,infightingagainstthemonsterGrendel,hisrevengefulmother,andafire-dragon.Asawarrior--strength,courageandwisdom;obedienceandloyaltytotheking;Asaking--faithtohispeople,thinkingonlythatitprofitsothers.斯堪的纳维亚•FeaturesA.PaganPoem—folklegendoftribalsocietyalliterativeverse头韵体诗B.Alliteration:therepetitionofthesamesounds,usuallyinitialconsonantsofwords,inanysequenceofneighboringwords.It’salsoknownas“headrhyme”or“initialrhyme”.Therearegenerallyfouraccentsinaline,threeofwhichshowalliteration.eg.P5C.MetaphorsandUnderstatementmetaphor=kenningeg.P6隐喻保守陈述★--SirGawainandtheGreenKnight•Romance：apopularliteraryforminthemedievalEngland;Itsingsknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.chivalry(suchasbravery,honor,loyalty,generosity,andkindnesstotheweakandpoor)isthespiritofromance.threecycles骑士精神三大类型传奇文学阶级本质classnature:forthenoble《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》Minstrel/scop/gleemanTheKnightsoftheRoundTable1.SirLancelotDuLac(Launcelot)兰斯洛特：亚瑟王圆桌武士中的第一勇士，他与王后格温娜维尔的恋情导致了他与亚瑟王之间的战争。2.KingArthur亚瑟王：英国传奇英雄，中世纪传说中的不列颠国王,圆桌骑士团的首领。3.SirGawaine高文：圆桌骑士之一，亚瑟王的侄子。4.SirGeraint杰兰特：亚瑟王传奇里的一个圆桌骑士，伊妮德的丈夫。5.SirGareth加雷思：圆桌骑士之一，亚瑟王的侄子。6.SirGalahad格拉海德：在亚瑟王传说中，他是圆桌骑士中最纯洁的一位且独自一人找到了圣杯。7.SirGaheris加荷里斯：圆桌骑士之一。8.SirBorsdeGanis鲍斯：亚瑟王传奇的圆桌骑士之一,兰斯洛特爵士之侄。9.SirBedivere贝德维尔：亚瑟王传奇中圆桌骑士之一,忠贞不贰,负垂死亚瑟王登舟去Avalon岛。10.SirKay凯：亚瑟王传奇中，亚瑟王的义兄弟和理事。11.SirLamorak兰马洛克：圆桌骑士之一。12.SirPercivale珀西瓦尔：圆桌骑士之一。13.SirTristan(Tristram)特里斯坦/崔斯坦：亚瑟王时代的传奇中的人物，是一个骑士，爱上了与他的叔叔康沃尔国王马克订了婚的爱尔兰公主伊休尔特Merlin梅林三代国王的顾问，魔法师及先知石中之剑与王者之剑Theswordinthestone&ExcaliburtheQuestoftheHolyGrail寻找圣杯TheDeathofArthur亚瑟王之死（ThomasMalory马洛礼，15世纪）Featuresa.fourpartsarewellorganizedintooneunityb.Gawain’sportraitisvividandfullyroundedc.useofalliterationd.writteninnorthMidlanddialect(differentfromChaucer’sLondondialect)StoryofSirGawainandtheGreenKnight★--PiersthePlowman•apictureoffeudalEngland&aprotestagainstthesocialinjustice•story•aclassicofpopularliterature•ArtisticFeaturesa.dreamvisionb.allegoryc.satired.useofalliteration《耕者皮尔斯》/《农夫皮尔斯》ByWilliamLangland威廉·朗兰流行文学寓言Astorywithaseconddistinctmeaningpartiallyhiddenbehinditsliteralmeaning.Theprincipaltechniqueofallegoryispersonification,wherebyabstractqualitiesaregivenhumanshape.MentionedthestoryofBeowulfforthe1sttime★--RobinHoodBallads•Ballad（meaning:todance）definition,P19•Story•Featuresa.simplelanguageb.dramaticplotc.characterportrayal:quasi-historicald.influenceofmusice.repetitionsofwords罗宾汉民谣民谣（TheGesteofRobinHood《罗宾汉传奇》）ReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry---byBishopThomasPercy《英诗辑古》珀西主教（18世纪）GetUpandBartheDoorItfellabouttheMartinmastime,Andagaytimeitwasthen,Whenourgoodwifegotpuddingstomake,Andshe’sboiledtheminthepan.Thewindsocoldblewsouthandnorth,Andblewintothefloor;QuothourGoodmantoourgoodwife,“Gooutandbarthedoor.”“Myhandisinmyhussyfscap,Goodman,asyemaysee;Ifitshouldnotbebarr’dthishundredyear,It’snotbebarr’dbyme.”Theymadeapaction‘tweenthemtwo,Theymadeitfirmandsure,Thatthefirstwordwhoe’ershouldspeak,Shouldriseandbarthedoor.Thenbytherecametwogentlemen,Attwelveo’clockatnight,Andtheycouldneitherseehousenorhall,Norcoal,norcandlelight.“Nowwhetheristhisarichman’shouse,Orwhetherisitapoor?”Butne’erawordwouldoneofthemspeak,Forbarringofth