高中人教版英语必修一Unit2-单词讲解-(1)

Unit2EnglishAroundtheWorldAustraliaCanadaIndiaIrelandNewZealandSouthAfricaTheU.S.A.SingaporeGreatBritainDifferencesinvocabularyusagegotothepicturesgotothemoviesundergroundsubwayliftelevatorinateamonateamrubbereraserflatapartmentlorrytruckpetrolgasB.EA.E…JamesA.H.murrayNoahWebsterNoahWebsterSamuelJohnsonTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguages1.officialadj.官方的，正式的officiallanguageofficialnewsn.政府官员officern.军官Heisanofficerinthearmy.Journey,voyage,trip,tour,travel的用法区别（1）.journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。例如：E.g.Howlongisyourjourneytoschool?—Onlyabout10minutes.（2）.voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思为“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名词。例如：E.g.Sheusuallygetsseasickduringthevoyage.TheymadeavoyageacrossthePacificbyair.（3）.trip一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，E.g.Wemadeaboattriptotheislandlastweekandhadagoodtime.（4）.tour着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。例如：E.g.Iwilltourtheworldinthefuture.Myfatherhasgonedown-townonashoppingtour.（5）.travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。例如：E.g.IamreadingabookaboutthetraveltoNorthPole.Theycamehomeafteryearsofforeigntravel.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.3.becauseof后边加名词或动名词短语because是连词,所以后边跟句子Hecametoworklatebecausehegotuplate.Hecametoworklatebecauseofgettinguplate.4.nativeadj.本土的,本国的,土生的(+to)ThegiantpandaisnativetoChina.ThegiantpandaisanativeofChina.大熊猫是中国特有的动物。n.本地人,本国人Areyouanativehere,orjustavisitor?你是本地人，或者只是游客?5.comeupcomeuptoyourapartment上来,走近;被提出;（植物）发芽;（太阳）升起comeupwith提出想出Hecameupwithagoodideainthemeeting.问题在会议中被提出来了。•Theproblemcameupinthemeeting.太阳升起来了。Thesuncameup.•他靠近并和我们打招呼。•Hecameupandsaidhellotous.•春天草会再度发芽。•Thegrasswillcomeupagaininspring.•comeupwith提出想出•Hecameupwithagoodideainthemeeting.comeacross偶然遇到，发现，被理解comeabout发生cometrue实现comeback回来，恢复记忆comeon催促,快速运动;得了吧comeout出现，出版,开花comein进来comeover从一地到另一地•1.Hiscar____theterribletrafficjam,sohehadtocalloffhisappointmentwithhisdoctor.•A.cameaboutB.cameacross•C.cameupD.comeon•2.---Howdidit___thatyoumadesuchasillymistake?•---Imyselfhaven’tfigureditoutyet.•A.bringaboutB.comeabout•C.comeacrossD.comeon6.base(1)n.___________________Eg:Ourcompany’sbaseisinbeijing.(2)vt.____________________用法：baseAonBA以B为基础AbebasedonBA建于B基础之上Eg:(1)Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.One’sopinionshouldalwaysbebasedonfacts.(2)----Whatareyoumailing,Linda?-----Atextbook_____anewmethodofteachingphysics.Iwantmyfriendtotakealookatit.A.isbasedonB.basedonC.basingonD.whichbasedupon被动被动基础；基地；根基建于…之上；以…为基础7.atpresent=atthemomentpresent(adj.)现在的，目前的，可作前置定语出席的，在场的，可作后置定语thepresentsituation/thepeoplepresentbepresentatthemeetingpresent(n.)礼物=gift8.makeuseof利用takeadvantageofmakegooduseof__________makefulluse_______bemadeuseofeg:YoumustmakegooduseofanychancetopractiseEnglish.(2)Theuseyou_______timeisreallypractical.A.makeB.takeC.makeofD.takeof被动同义词被动Anychancemustbemadegooduseoftopractiseenglish.好好利用充分利用【联想】与make有关的短语makefriendswith和…交朋友makefunof取笑makeadecision作出决定makeaface/faces扮鬼脸makeprogressin在…取得进步makeachoice9．latteradj．较后的，后面的，(两者中)后者的Ifindithardtounderstandthelatterpartofhislecture．我发现他的讲座后面部分很难理解。Didhewalkorswimacrosstheriver?Thelatterseemsunlikely．他是趟过河，还是游过河?后者似乎不可能。【辨析】late，later,latter,lately1)late是形容词，表示“迟到的，晚的”。如：Youarelateagain!你又迟到了。2)later可作形容词，是late的比较级，意为“更迟的，更后的”；也可作副词，意为“稍后，随后”，常与on连用。如：I'lltellyoulater.我以后再告诉你。3)latter最常用的含义是“两者中的(后者)”，常与the连用，固定搭配“theformer…，thelatter…”。如：HereareTomandDavid;thelatterismybrother.这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副词，意为“近来，最近recently”。如：HaveyoubeentoBeijinglately?你最近去过北京吗?10.suchas例如，诸如此类，像……这样的Ballgamessuchasbasketballandfootballareveryexciting．球类运动，如篮球和足球，都很激动人心。【辨析】suchas,forexample1)suchas用于列举同类人或事物中的若干例子，但不能全部列出。如：MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages，suchasEnglishandFrench．王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语和法语。2)forexample一般只列举几类人或事物中的‘‘一个”，其位置可在句首、句中或句末，经常用逗号分开。如：MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages，forexample，English．王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语。【经典例题】Manyfamoussingers,_____WangFeiandSHE,haveactedinfilms.AsuchBforexampleCthatisDsuchas用suchas，forexample填(1)Whatwouldyoudoifyoumetawildanimal—alion，__________?(2)Thefarmergrowsvariouskindsofcrops，_______wheat，corn，cottonandrice.forexamplesuchascommandn.&v.命令；指令；掌握commandsb.todosth命令某人做某事Theofficercommandedhissoldierstofire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气老师命令他离开教室。Theteachercommandedthathe(should)gooutoftheclassroom.beundersb’scommand在某人的指挥之下haveagoodcommandof…精通…3.Hecommandedthatallthegates__________.A.shouldshutC.wouldbeshutB.shutD.beshut3.requestn.&v.请求；要求Irequestedhimtohelp.我请求他帮忙。requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事requestthatsb(should)do要求某人做某事⑴Herequestedme________(write)aletterofrecommendation.⑵HerequestedthatI____________(write)aletterofrecommendation.⑶Thepassengers_____________(request)toshowtheirpassports.towrite(should)writearerequested像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)”；两个“命令(order，command)”；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；5.playapartin在……中起作用，在……中扮演角色Thecomputerisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife．电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越重要的作用。Shewasunhappybecausesheplayedasmallpartintheplay．她不开心是因为她在戏中扮