生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语

生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）英文缩写英文名中文名A(1)absorbance(2)absorbency吸收率吸收Acracrylamide丙烯酰胺ADPadenosinediphosphate二磷酸腺苷，腺苷二磷酸AMPadenosinemonophosphate腺苷一磷酸，腺苷酸Ampampicillin氨苄青霉素AMVavianmyeloblastosisvirus禽类成髓细胞瘤病毒APSammoniumpersulfate过硫酸铵ARanalyticalreagent分析纯试剂ATPadenosinetriphosphate三磷酸腺苷，腺苷三磷酸ALTalaninetransaminase丙氨酸转氨酶BACbacterialartificialchromosome细菌人工染色体BisN,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamideN,N’-亚甲双丙烯酰胺BSAbovineserumalbumin牛血清白蛋白bpbasepair碱基对ccc-DNAcovalentlyclosedcircularDNA共价闭环DNAcDNAcomplementaryDNA互补DNACEcapillaryelectrophoresis毛细管电泳Chcholesterol胆固醇CPcreatinephosphate磷酸肌酸DEPCdiethylpyrocarbonate焦碳酸二乙酯DNAdeoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸dsDNAdoublestrandedDNA双链DNAdsRNAdoublestrandedRNA双链RNADTTdithiothreitol二硫苏糖醇EBethidiumbromide溴乙锭E.coliEscherichiacoli大肠杆菌EDTAethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸EGTAethyleneglycolbis(2-aminoethyl)tetraaceticacid乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸ELISAenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay酶联免疫吸附测定（法）FAMCarboxyfluorescein羧基荧光素FCMflowcytometry流式细胞仪FITCfluoresceinisothiocyanate异硫氰酸荧光素FPLCfastproteinliquidchromatograpgy快速（蛋白）液相层析G6PDglucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶GFPgreenfluorescenceprotein绿色荧光蛋白GSTglutathione-S-transferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶Hbhemoglobin血红蛋白HEPES4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonicacid4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸His，Hhistidine组氨酸HPLChighperformanceliquidchromatography高效液相层析Hspheatshockprotein热休克蛋白IEFisoelectricfocusing等电聚焦IPTGisopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷kbkilobasepair千碱基对kDakilo-Dalton千道尔顿KmMichaelisconstant米氏常数LDHlacticdehydrogenase;lactatedehydrogenase乳酸脱氢酶mRNAmessengerRNA信使RNAMWmolecularweight分子量NBTnitrotetrazoliumblue氯化硝基四氮唑蓝NCnitrocellulosemembrane硝酸纤维素膜oc-DNAopencircularDNA开环DNAODopticaldensity光密度PAGEpolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCRpolymerasechainreaction聚合酶链反应PKCproteinkinaseC蛋白激酶CpIisoelectricpoint等电点PMSFphenylmethanesulfonylfluoride苯甲基磺酰氟RNaseribonucleaseRNA酶PBSphosphatebufferedsalinePBS缓冲液RNAiRNAinterferenceRNA干扰RPMroundperminute每分钟转数RQ-PCRReal-timequantitativePCR实时定量PCRRT-PCRreversetranscriptionPCR反转录PCR，逆转录PCRSDSsodiumdodecylsulfate十二烷基硫酸钠siRNAsmallinterferingRNA小干扰RNASNPsinglenucleotidepolymorphism单核苷酸多态性SSCPsinglestrandconformationpolymorphism单链构象多态性SWRstandardworkingreagent标准工作液TBSTris-bufferedsodiumchlorideTBS缓冲液TETris-EDTAbuffer含Tris和EDTA的缓冲液TEMEDN,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamineN,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺TLCthin-layerchromatography薄层层析TrisN-Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane2-氨基-2-羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇UVultraviolet紫外线X-gal5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactoside5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-β-D-半乳糖苷YACyeastartificialchromosomevector酵母人工染色体载体生物化学与分子生物学实验常用词中英文对照（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）Aabluent洗洁剂absolute(ethyl)alcohol无水乙醇absorbance(A)吸光率，吸收率absorbency(A)吸收性，吸光度absorption吸收（作用）absorptioncoefficient吸收系数absorptionspectrum吸收光谱abstract提取acetate乙酸盐，醋酸盐aceticacid乙酸，醋酸acidity酸度，酸性acrylamide丙烯酰胺adjustablemicropipetter可调式微量移液器/加样器affinity亲和，亲和力，亲和性affinitylabeling亲和标记agar琼脂agarose琼脂糖agarosegelelectrophoresis琼脂糖凝胶电泳agitate搅动A:GratioA/G比率，清球比率alanine(Ala,A)丙氨酸albumin清蛋白，白蛋白alcohol酒精，乙醇alcoholburner酒精灯alkalinity碱度，碱性alkalinephosphatase碱性磷酸酶alphacomplementationα-互补amino氨基aminoterminal氨基（末）端，N-（末）端ammoniumpersulfate过硫酸铵ampholyte两性电解质ampliconPCR扩增产物amplification扩增analyticalbalance分析天平analyticalreagent分析纯试剂anhydrous脱水的，无水的annealing退火antibiotics抗生素antibody抗体antigen抗原antiseptic消毒剂，防腐剂apolipoprotein载脂蛋白apoptosis凋亡appearentmolecularweight表观分子量aseptic无菌的，防腐剂autoclave高压灭菌器automaticbiochemicalanalyzer全自动生化分析仪automaticgelimageanalysissystem全自动凝胶成像分析系统autoradiography放射自显影azotometer定氮仪Bbalance天平base碱基basesequence碱基序列beaker烧杯beakerbrush烧杯刷Beer’slaw比尔定律benchtopultracentrifuge台式超速离心机biochemistry生物化学biochip生物芯片biomacromolecule生物大分子biotin生物素biuretreaction双缩脲反应blender搅拌器，搅碎器blood血液bloodsugar血糖blotting印迹分析blottingmembranes印迹膜blottingpaper印迹用滤纸blue-whiteselection蓝白斑筛选bluntend平端bottlebrush瓶刷bromophenolblue溴酚蓝buffer缓冲液Ccapacity容量capillaryelectrophoresis毛细管电泳capillaryelectrophoresissystem毛细管电泳仪carboxy(l)羧基catalyst催化剂catecholamine儿茶酚胺cation阳离子cDNA互补DNAcDNAchipcDNA芯片cDNAlibrarycDNA文库cDNAprobecDNA探针cell细胞cellculture细胞培养cellophane玻璃纸celluloseacetatemembrane醋酸纤维薄膜centrifugalforce离心力centrifuge离心机centrifugetube离心管chromatogram层析图，色谱chromatography层析，色谱法chromatographycolumn层析柱clamp夹子clone克隆cloningvector克隆载体CO2incubator二氧化碳培养箱coomassie(brilliant)blue考马斯亮蓝coomassie(brilliant)bluestaining考马斯亮蓝染色coefficient系数colloid胶体colony菌落colonycounter菌落计数器colorreaction呈色反应colorimetry比色法competence感受态competentcell感受态细胞competitiveinhibition竞争性抑制作用complementaryDNA(cDNA)互补DNAcomponent成分，组分concentration浓度condenser冷凝器conformation空间构象conicalbeaker锥形瓶conicalbottomculturetube锥底试管constanttemperatureincubator恒温培养箱constanttemperatureoven恒温箱content含量controlexperiment对照实验cosmidvector黏粒载体，科斯质粒载体counter计数器creatine肌酸culturedish培养皿cultureflask培养瓶culturemedia培养基cultureshaker培养摇床culturevessel培养瓶culturetube培养管cuvette比色皿D2-Delectrophoresisapparatus双向电泳仪denaturant变性剂denaturation变性（作用）density密度densitygradientcentrifugation密度梯度离心desiccator干燥器desiccant干燥剂detector检测器detergent去垢剂,去污剂dialysis透析differentialdisplayPCR差异显示PCRdigitalgelimageanalysissystem数码凝胶成像分析仪diluent稀释剂dilute稀释distilledwater蒸馏水DNAblott