考点5 完形填空之解题方法（教师版）

资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】1考点5完形填空完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）考点5解题方法解题方法方法1细研首句定主旨方法2前瞻后望重语境方法3熟词生义需重视方法一细研首句定主旨完形填空首句一般不设空，这是为了给学生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省做题时间。1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。【典例1】(2022·全国甲卷·首句)Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.直接信息首句提出了一个观点：你可以从一个人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多。由此可以基本判定，本文应是记叙文。预测信息下文很可能围绕“某个人如何对待他的狗”这一话题展开，表达作者的情感体会。2．利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。【典例2】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷·首句)Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk，mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.直接信息首句交代了人物(who)——I,mywife,ourtwins和事件(what)——谎称玻璃推拉门是窗户。预测根据这些信息，我们可以这样设问：他们为什么要对孩子们说玻璃推拉门是资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】2信息窗户呢？这难道不是谎言吗？这样又会带来什么后果呢？阅读文章，我们可以在下文叙述中找到这些疑问的答案。方法二前瞻后望重语境完形填空题主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以空处的前后多有暗示(下文暗示上文的居多)。学生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。【典例1】(2022·全国乙卷·节选)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.exposed．41．A．followingB．takingC．escapingD．directing42．A．cleverB．badC．scaredD．quick【解析】41．由上文playinggamesofhideandseek(玩捉迷藏游戏)和下文makingoneselfunabletobeseen的提示可知，此处指避开(escaping)别人的视线，让自己不被人看到。故选C。42．根据下文Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies可知，幼儿园小朋友不擅长(bad)躲藏。故选B。【典例2】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Thiswas50thanitsounds.51．Slowdownabitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI'd52．expected．50．A．harderB．betterC．longerD．cheaper【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据节选部分最后一句中的itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethan可知，这项工作比“我”所意料的有更多的压力。由此可知，空处所在句是说这项工作要比听上去更难。A项意为“更困难的”，故A项正确。方法三熟词生义需重视资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】3一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中多次出现的词汇活用现象，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。【典例1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Finally,Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch,he_____50_____towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly,Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds,he’dsliddownthetrunkandwasbackontheground.50．A．backedB．divedC．shoutedD．inched50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A.backed支持；B.dived跳水；C.shouted对……大声喊叫；D.inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reachingthemtogetthehoneyisdifficult—andoften________”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。【熟词新义】inched缓慢移动【典例2】(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)InAprillastyear,IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytightbudget.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfortransportationfortheirdog,Tiffy,and43wantedtotakeherwiththem.()43.A.desperatelyB.temporarilyC.secretlyD.originally43.A根据前文“…IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.”可知,这一家人要搬到弗吉尼亚州,负担不起狗的运输费用,但极其想带上Tiffy,因此上网发帖求助。desperately极度地;temporarily暂时地;secretly秘密地;originally最初地。故选A项。【熟词新义】desperatelyadv.不顾一切地；极度地。【典例3】(2023·高考全国甲卷·节选)Mario’swinemayhavebeencloudyandcomeoutofanoldbottle,butitwasperfect.句中：cloudy意为：浑浊的。【典例4】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Our48inthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.48．A．joysB．ideas资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】4C．rolesD．choices【解析】本题可以利用熟词生义和语境推测法解题。根据下文的Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.可知，“我们”在工厂的职责很简单。role角色(熟义)；职责(生义)。故选C。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期适应性考试】EveryyearI’dreadover2,000collegeapplicationsfromstudentsallovertheworld.Itisquite41tochoosewhomtoadmit.42,inthechaosofSATscoresandrecommendations,one43isalwaysirresistibleinacandidate：kindness.Themostsurprising44ofkindnessI’veever45camefromastudentwhohadexcellentscoresandasupportiverecommendationfromhiscollegecounselor(顾问).Evenwiththesequalifications,hemightnothave46.Butoneletterofrecommendationcaughtmyeye.Itwasfromaschoolsecurity47.Lettersofrecommendationaretypicallywrittenbypeoplelikeformerpresidents,celebrities,andOlympicathletes.Thesecurityguardwrotethathesupportedthisstudent’sadmissionbecauseofhis48.Thisyoungmanwastheonlypersonintheschoolwhoknewthenamesofeverymemberoftheguardstaff.Heturnedofflightsinemptyrooms,consistently49thehallwaymonitoreachmorningandtidieduptheclassroomafterhispeersleftschool50nobodywaswatching.Thisstudent,thesecurityguardwrote,hada(n)51respectforeverypersonattheschool,regardlessofposition,popularityorpower.Itgaveusa52ontoastudent’slifeinthemomentswhennothing“counted”.Thatstudentwasadmittedbyunanimous(一致的)voteoftheadmissionscommittee.Nextyeartheremightbeafloodofsecurityguardrecommendations53thisessay.Butifitmeansstudentswillstartpayingasmuch54tothepeoplewhocleantheirclassroomsastheydototheirprincipalsandteachers,I’mhappytohelpstartthat55.25641．A．decentB．difficultC．delicateD．desperate42．A．HoweverB．OtherwiseC．BesidesD．Therefore43．A．abilityB．qualityC．limitationD．assumption44．A．signalB．imageC．appearanceD．indication45．A．comeoutB．pickupC．comeacrossD．bringup46．A．stoodupB．stoodoutC．givenupD．givenout47．A．guardB．teacherC．principalD．counselor48．A．wisdomB．braveryC．encouragementD．consideration49．A．botheredB．a