专题03 完形填空说明文和议论文（讲义）（原卷版）

专题03完形填空说明文和议论文(讲义)目录考点完形填空说明文和议论文---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向1考查利用文章首段的观点或看法解题-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向2注重文章尾段的结论解题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向3考查利用段落主题句解题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3页考向4考查利用说明顺序解题-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3页【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页完形填空说明文的特点-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页完形填空议论文的特点-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5页【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页预测考向1利用文章首段的观点或看法解题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页预测考向2注重文章尾段的结论解题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页预测考向3考查利用段落主题句解题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页考点03完形填空说明文和议论文考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考完形填空记叙文考向分布。试卷年份体裁主题考查类型语境内容(短语)动词名词(短语)形容词(短语)副词介词(短语)全国乙卷2022说明文人与社会人际关系77420浙江卷2022议论文人与自我诚信75412总结高考考点，探究完形填空说明文和议论文的命题规律。近年来，高考完形填空说明文和议论文主要考查：动词及动词短语、名词、形容词、副词等实词在完形填空语篇中的得体性和准确性。但它们更注重考查文章的逻辑性和文章结构。考点要求考题统计考情分析动词及动词短语3年14考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，完形填空说明文和记叙文主要集中考查：动词及动词短语、名词、形容词、副词等实词在完形填空语篇中的得体性和准确性。但它们更注重考查文章的逻辑性和文章结构。【命题预测】2024年高考很有可能说明文或议论文。近几年一直在考记叙文，为了避免思维定式，24年考说明文的可能性更大。文章重点考查动词及动词短语、名词、形容词和副词等实词。名词3年12考形容词3年8考副词、介词及其他3年5考考向1利用文章首段的观点或看法解题1.（2023·江苏省南京市第三中学模拟节选）Themajorityofpeopleareconvincedthattheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare____41____.Everyonehasimagination,butmostofusforgethowto____42____itoncewebecomeadults.Creativityisn’talways____43____withgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetime____44____thinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.41．A．mistakenB．accurateC．reasonableD．incredible42．A．fitinwithB．becomeawareofC．makeuseofD．keeptrackof43．A．equippedB．comparedC．occupiedD．concerned44．A．routinelyB．skillfullyC．apparentlyD．abruptly2.(2023·辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三第二次质量监测节选)Reducingtheuseofplasticisabalancebetweenwhatyoucanaffordandwhatyoucanget.I’ve___41___alotfromaplastic-freelifestyle.Ithelpsme___42___mycarbonfootprintandsavemoney.41．A．heardB．benefitedC．receivedD．suffered42．A．recordB．rebuildC．reduceD．recall考向2注重文章尾段的结论解题1.(2023·辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三第二次质量监测节选)Lifewithoutplasticdoesn’ttakeplaceovernight.Devoteyourselftomakingafew___55___inyourdailyplasticuseandseewhereittakesyou.说明文和议论文有一个共同特点，文章的首段总是提出要说明的事实或结论或提出论点或提出要解决的问题。根据文章作者提出的结论或论点，可以比较清晰的感悟作者的写作态度和目的，而下文将对其进行详细的说明或进行论证。明察作者的写作思路和态度就能一连串的解决首段一系列的问题，它们是相辅相成的。55．A．commentsB．notesC．changesD．stops2.(2024·安徽省皖豫联盟毕业班第二次联考节选)Thatmessage28toamannamedEvanWilliams.In2005hedevelopedanAPPcalledOdeo.Notmanypeopleusedit.Itwasabig29,butWilliamswasn’tupset.30,helearnedfromhismistakesandkeptworkinghard.Afewyearslater,hehelpedcreateoneofthebiggestsocialmediasitesever:Twitter.28．A．relatedB．appliedC．switchedD．objected29．A．hitB．disappointmentC．reliefD．reminder30．A．InsteadB．MoreoverC．MeanwhileD．Therefore考向3考查利用段落主题句解题（2023·江苏省南京市第三中学模拟节选）Besomeoneelse.Lookatthesituationfroma_____53_____pointofview.Goodwritersusethistechnique.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe_____54_____intheirbooks.Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir_____55_____.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!53．A．personalB．globalC．differentD．positive54．A．featuresB．themesC．creaturesD．characters55．A．locationsB．positionsC．imagesD．impressions考向4考查利用说明顺序解题Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1_______tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive-ifheorsheis2_______healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce3_______.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4______die.1.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discovered2.A.completelyB.generallyC.apparentlyD.extremely3.A.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlesslyD.separately4.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately说明文和议论文的语言组织结构很严谨，句子之间的逻辑关系紧凑，层次分明。因此，段落中的主题句总是统领整个段落，段中的所有的说明和论述都会围绕题展开。所以，整段内的选项要侧重主题句的思想选择，这样成功率很高。【提醒】此处Besomeoneelse是主题句，后面的选项都统领在其语境的范围内，都侧重主题句的方向选即可。说明文和议论文的尾段往往给我们传递非常重要的信息，常常是议