专题 18 阅读理解之说明文-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（解析版）

资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】专题18阅读理解（说明文）刷大题、提能力1.（云南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）Lately,it’sfeltliketechnologicalchangehasenteredanincrediblespeed.CompanieslikeOpenAIandGooglehaveunveilednewArtificialIntelligencesystemswithincrediblecapabilities,makingwhatonceseemedlikesciencefictionaneverydayreality.It’sanerathatisraisingbig,existentialquestionsforusall,abouteverythingfromthefutureofhumanexistencetothefutureofhumanwork.“Thingsarechangingsofast,”saysErikBrynjolfsson,aleading,technology-focusedeconomistbasedatStanfordUniversity.Ashenotes,thisnewwaveoftechnologicalchangelookslikeitcouldbeprettydifferent.Unlikebefore,experiencedandskilledworkersbenefitedmostlyfromAItechnology.Inthisnewwave,it’sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost.“Andthatmightbehelpfulintermsofclosingsomeoftheinequalitythatprevioustechnologiesactuallypromoted,”Brynjolfssonsays.Soonebenefitofintelligencemachinesis—maybe—theywillimprovetheknow-howandsmartsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality.Butit’salsopossiblethatAIcouldlowertheprofitoftheexperienced,smart,orknowledgeableones.AIcouldreduceinequalitybybringingthebottomup,anditcouldalsoreduceinequalitybybringingthetopandmiddledown.Ofcourse,asErikput,it’salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.Forone,itcouldmaketheBigAIcompanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich.Itcouldalsoempowerbusinessownerstoreplacemoreandmoreworkerswithintelligentmachines.Anditcouldkilljobsforallbutthebestofthebestinvariousindustries,whokeeptheirjobsbecausemaybethey’resuperstarsorbecausemaybetheyhaveseniority.TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudied-andthesesystemsareevolvingfast—sothisisjustanassumption.Thismachineintelligencecouldupendmuchofthepreviousthinkingonwhichkindsofjobswillbeaffectedbyautomation.1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theknow-howandsmarts”meaninparagraph2?A．Experienceandintelligence.B．Skillsandpotential.资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Abilitiesandexperience.D．Outlookandtalents.2．WhowillgainmoreinthisnewAIera?A．Theseniorwithhighrank.B．Thenewwithlittleexperience.C．Thelearnedwithgreatcredit.D．Thepoorwithpracticalskills.3．WhichstatementwillErikprobablyagreewith?A．ThefastdevelopmentofAIwillpromotethedivisionofinequality.B．ThebestofallwalksoflifewillsurvivethecompetitionagainstAIsystems.C．GiantAIcompanieswillbethewinnerinthefutureworldofnewAIsystems.D．Lowerrankworkerswithlittleknowledgeareboundtobeabandonedbyemployers.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheFastGrowthoftheWorldB．TheInfluenceoftheInequalityC．TheImpactoftheAISystemD．TheFutureoftheAIGeneration【答案】1．A2．B3．C4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学家Erik就OpenAI等新兴人工智能公司所触发的新人工智能对人类未来可能产生的影响的研究。1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Inthisnewwave,it’sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost.”（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，智能机器的一个益处就是提升较低的工作表现者的经验和智力，从而推断出划线短语theknow-howandsmarts在句中意为“经验和智力”，和A项“经验和智力”意思相同。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthisnewwave,it’sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost.”（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，在新的人工智能时代受益最多的是经验不足的新人。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Ofcourse,asErikput,it’salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.Forone,itcouldmaketheBigAIcompanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich.”(当然，正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不平等。首先，它可以让拥有这些强大新系统的大型人工智能公司变得非常富有。）可知，Erik赞同的观点是巨型人工智能公司将成为未来新人工智能系统世界的赢家。故选C项。4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Soonebenefitofintelligencemachinesis—maybe—theywillimprovetheknow-howandsmartsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality.”（因此，智能机器的一个好处是——也许资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】——它们将提高低绩效者的专业知识和智慧，从而减少不平等。）及第三段“Ofcourse,asErikput,it’salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.”（当然，正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不平等。）及最后一段“TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudied-andthesesystemsareevolvingfast—sothisisjustanassumption.”（当然，人工智能的影响仍在研究中，这些系统正在快速发展——所以这只是一个假设。）可知，本文主要通过人工智能对工作者和加剧了社会不平等两个方面讲述了人工智能的影响，C项“人工智能的影响”符合题意。故选C项。2.（2023-2024学年湖南省名校大联考英语试题）PFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They'recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthelab.WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22mega-pascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1,000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide(氢氧化钠),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶剂)calledDMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.WhentheteamcombinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarbolicacid(羧酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide.Whathappenednextwasunexpected,Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟离子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.It'saneatmethod;it'sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityi