必修第三册 Unit 1　Festivals and Celebrations (106)

必修第三册Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhenitcomestoteamassembly(团队组建)，peoplewhoarebothtrustworthyandcompetentarethemostsoughtafter.However，thosewhoarefriendlyandtrustworthyaremorelikelytobeselectedthanthosewhoareknownforjusttheirskillcompetenceandpersonalreputation，accordingtoanewresearchfromBinghamtonUniversity.“Weassumethatpeopleareselectedduetotheirknowledge，skillsandabilities.However，thisresearchsuggeststhatpeoplemayoftengetpickedbecauseteammembersfeelcomfortablewiththem，”saidCynthiaMaupin，assistantprofessorinBinghamtonUniversity’sSchoolofManagement.“Peoplemaybewillingtosacrificeabitintermsofperformanceinordertohaveareallypositiveteamexperience.”MaupinandhercolleaguesfocusedonagroupofMBAstudentstoconducttheirstudy.Studentswererandomlyassignedtodifferentteamstocarryoutclassprojects.Towardtheendofthesemester，theywereaskedtoformtheirownteamsandevaluatewhytheyselectedeachmember.“Tofindouthowthestudentssignaledtoothersthattheymightbesomeonewhowouldbegoodtoteamupwithinthefuture，westudiedtheiruseofeitherchallengingorsupportivevoice，”Maupinsaid.•Challengingvoice：Communicatinginawaythatchallengesthepresentsituationandisfocusedonnewideasandefficiency.•Supportivevoice：Communicatinginawaythatstrengthenssocialtiesandtrust.Theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhoexhibitedbothvoiceswerethemostin-demandpeoplewhenitcametoassemblingteams.However，studentswhoonlyusedsupportivevoicetoexhibittheirfriendlinessandtrustworthinessweremoresoughtafterthanthosewhoonlysignaledtheircompetencethroughtheuseofchallengingvoice.Maupinsaidthefindingshavemajorimplications(影响)fortheworkplace.“Peopleshouldrealizethewaytheyspeakupcanhaveastrongeffectoninformalteamingupatalaterpointandthatsupportivevoicehelpsestablishharmoniousrelationshipsandasenseoftrustamongstindividuals.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，在组建团队时，更受欢迎的是友好和可靠的人。1．Whoarepreferredasteammembers?A．Thoseeasytogetalongwith.B．Thosewithskillcompetence.C．Thosewillingtomakesacrifices.D．Thosewithgoodpersonalreputation.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作为团队成员，那些友好的、易于相处的人更受欢迎，故选A。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“signaled”inparagraph7probablymean?A．Displayed.B．Promised.C．Replied.D．Gestured.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据上文“However，studentswhoonlyusedsupportivevoicetoexhibittheirfriendlinessandtrustworthiness”可知，此处表示对比，signaled与前面的exhibit同义，表示“展示”，故选A。3．WhatdoesMaupinthinkofthefindings?A．Theymakepeoplemoresupportive.B．Theyhelpimproveworkcompetence.C．Theymakesenseforbetterteamassembly.D．Theyhavestrongeffectsonformalteamingup.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这些发现有助于更好地组建团队，故选C。4．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheSecretofCommunicationB．TheImportanceofCompetenceC．ChallengingVoiceorSupportiveVoiceD．CompetentTeammatesorFriendlyTeammates答案D解析标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，本文中的研究主要是围绕在团队组建方面，有能力的队员更受欢迎还是友好的队员更受欢迎展开的，故选D。BSocialdistancingisnothingnewtohoneybees.Whenacolony(群体)isinfectedwiththedeadlyIsraeliacuteparalysisvirus(IAPV)，beesarelesslikelytotouchorfeedtheirsicknestmates，accordingtoanewstudy.Notmuchisknownabouthowbeesactwheninfectedwithviruses.AdamDolezal，aninsectphysiologistattheUniversityofIllinois，whostudiesIAPV，teamedupwithacomputerscientistTimGernat，whohaddevelopedanautomatedsystemtomonitorbeebehavior.Theyidentifiedabehaviorcalledtrophallaxis，inwhichhoneybeesfeedtheirfellowworkersbyregurgitating(反刍)foodfromtheirbodies.Theyputinfectedbeesintotheircolony.After5daysofrecording，theteamfoundthathealthybeeswereavoidingcontactwiththeinfectedbees.Thefindingsshowhowbeebehaviorinarealcolonycanpreventaninfection.Butthevirusappearstohaveanalarmingcounterattack(反攻)：Whensickbeestrytoenteranewcolony，theydoabetterjobofgettingpasttheguardsthanuninfectedbees.Thathasledthescientiststopredictthatthevirushasdevelopedawaytospreadtonewcolonies.Beecoloniesareusuallyguardedbybeestokeepforeignersout.Guardsusetheirspecialorgansintheheadtodetectacollectionofchemicalsignalsontheoutsideoftheirbees，whichisusedtoidentifythemasmembersofthecolonyorforeigners.AsforwhyIAPVissosuccessfulattrickingtheguards，itmightbethatitchangesthenumberofvariouschemicalsignals，whichdifferbetweenthesickandhealthygroups.Thismakestheguardsmorelikelytomisjudgeandaccepttheinfectedbees.Thesickbeesarealsogentlerwhenchallengedbyguardsandmorelikelytoofferthemfood，andthosebehaviorsmayalsohelpthemspreadthedisease.IAPVisn’ttheonlypathogen(病原体)beescanbring.IfIAPVhelpsotherpathogensspread，thatcouldbeabigproblemforcommercialbeekeeperswhopackcoloniestogetherforefficiency.“There’sverylittleyoucandoifyoususpectavirusinfection，”Dolezalsays.Instead，theyhavegottoincreasethespacebetweencolonies.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，一种IAPV病毒能骗过守卫蜂群的蜜蜂，进入到蜂巢传播。为了防止蜜蜂感染病毒，蜂群之间要保持一定的距离。5．What’strueaboutthecolonywithinfectedbees?A．Sickbeesdon’tfeedhealthybees.B．Infectedbeeswerelesslikelytobefed.C．IAPVmadesickbeesunabletosharefood.D．Infectedbeespracticeddistancingwillingly.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whenacolony(群体)isinfectedwiththedeadlyIsraeliacuteparalysisvirus(IAPV)，beesarelesslikelytotouchorfeedtheirsicknestmates，accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，当一个蜂群有感染病毒的蜜蜂时，感染病毒的蜜蜂不太可能被喂食。故选B。6．Whathaspuzzledscientistsaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A．Theimpac