选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　Adversity and Courage (124)

选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AUntilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.ThenewsamplesfromChang’e5willchangethis.They’refromnearMonsRümker，avolcanicmountainwheretherockisthoughttobemuchyounger—about1billionyearsold.Therearealotofreasonsscientistsareeagertostudythisyoungerrock，oneofwhichisthatitcouldhelpusmorepreciselydatenotonlythemoon，butmanyrockyplanetsandotherobjects.Here’showthatworks:Scientistsdatelunarrockbyusingsomethingcalledachronologycurve(年代学曲线)，saysJolliff，ascientistatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.Basically，theyestimatetheageoftherockbycountingthenumberofcratersintheareatherockcomesfrom;thoseincreaseasobjectsstriketherockovertime.Tomakethisestimation，scientistsneedtomatchthenumberofcraterstoapreciseage.Rightnow，theyonlyhavedatapointsforlunarrockthatis3to4billionyearsold.Moderntechniquescandatethenewsampleextremelyaccurately，andoncescientistsknowitspreciseage，theycanaddavaluabledatapointtotheirchronologycurve.Thedatingsystemwillalsohelpusmoreaccuratelyestimatetheageofallsortsofobjectsinspace，likerockyplanetsandothermoons.Anotherreasonscientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrockistofindoutmoreabouthowvolcanismworksonthemoon.Jolliffsaysthatit’sunclearwhytherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonforsuchalongperiodoftime.Mostofthemoon’svolcanicactivity，hesays，isthoughttohaveoccurred3or4billionyearsago，whenthemoonwasstillprettyyoung.Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.“That’ssomethingthatyoucanfindoutofthesamplesbystudyingtheminthelab，”Jolliffsays.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。嫦娥五号带回的样本使得研究月球上的新岩石成为可能，而研究这种岩石的好处是什么呢？文章对此进行了说明。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph1referto?A．Thefactofbeingunabletostudythenewrock.B．ThenewrockfromnearMonsRümker.C．Oneofthereasonstostudythemoon’snewrock.D．Thestudyofthemoon’syoungerrock.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第一段中“Untilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.”并结合画线词所在句可推断，this指的是上文中提到的“科学家无法研究月球上的新岩石”这一事实。故选A。2．Scientistsresearchthisyoungerrockbecausetheycan.A．ensuretherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonB．morepreciselydateonlythemoonC．datelunarrockbyusingachronologycurveD．explorehowvolcanismworksonthemoon答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，科学家们研究这些新岩石是因为他们能够探索月球上的火山活动是如何发生的。故选D。3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Scientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrock.B．Scientistscan’tknowwhyvolcanicactivityexistsonthemoon.C．Themoon’svolcanicactivityoccurred3or4billionyearsago.D．It’sclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.”可推断，科学家们不知道月球上为什么会有火山活动。故选B。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowScientistsStudytheYoungerRockB．WhytheResearchIsImportantC．WhytheYoungerRockIsWorthStudyingD．WhatScientistsDotoStudytheYoungerRock答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首段前两句引出了科学家能对月球上的新岩石进行研究的话题，接下来对研究这种岩石的好处进行了说明。因此C项(为什么新岩石值得研究)能够准确概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故选C。BIn2016，inanIllinoistowncalledCahokia，awomanwassenttoprisonjustbecauseshefailedtotendherlawn(草坪)．In2019，aFloridamanwasfined$30,000bythecityofDunedinforallowinghisgrasstogrowmorethan10inchesinheight.Theseexamples，whileextreme，arenotrareoccurrenceinAmerica.Astudyestimatedthatturfgrasses(lawns，parks，athleticfields，etc.)coverover40millionacresinthecontinentalU．S.，anarealargerthananycroparea.AndAmericansspendasmuchas$60billionayearmaintainingthesegrasses.TheseimpressivedataaretheresultofAmericans’settingmuchstorebythesepiecesofgreeneryforseveralcenturies.Centuriesago，onlythosewithconsiderablewealthcouldowntheresourcesneededtomaintainthesedisplays.Inthemodernworld，lawnshavegraduallychangedfromtheestatesofthewealthytothefrontyardsofcommonpeople.AcrossAmerica，millionsoffamiliesnowproudlypresenttheirgrasstotheirneighborsanddriversbycarefullyweeding，watering，fertilizingandmowingthesesmall-scalerepresentationsofthegrounds.Withthiscontextinmind，it’seasytoseewell-tendedlawnsinAmerica.Peopletendtouselawnstocreateanimpressionoforderortoindicateasenseofpersonalsuccess.Therelativehealthandattractivenessofthegrassintheiryardbecomesabarometer(晴雨表)fortheirlifeasawhole.However，withsomanyacrescoveredbythegrass，theinfluenceassociatedwithlawnmaintenanceismorethanjustpsychological.Tobeginwith，alawnrequiresmassivequantitiesofresourcestosustain.TheU．S.DepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthatlawnsaccountforabouthalfofhomeowner’swateruse，muchofwhichiswasted.Additionally，Americansarereportedtouse80millionpoundsofchemicalsontheirlawnseachyear.Theprocessoftendingthelawnalsocontributestoairpollution.Thesesurprisingdatameanweneedtoquestionwhetherlawnsprovideuswithenoughbenefittojustifytheirwidespreadexistence.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。美国人对草坪的情有独钟有着历史渊源，但大面积的草坪对环境有着重大的负面影响。5．Whyarethetwolawn-relatedcasesmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．ToexplaintheeffectivenessofAmericanlaws.B．ToshowthesignificanceoflawnsinAmericansociety.C．TostressAmericans’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．TorevealthecostofmaintaininglawnsinAmericans’dailylife.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段介绍的两个案例并结合下文美国人对草坪的喜爱与重视可知，作者通