选择性必修第二册 Unit 1　Science and Scientists (126)

选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AMarissaSumathipala，astudentatBroadRunHighSchooloutsideofWashington，D.C.，waspracticingwithherrecreationalfigure­skatingteamwhenshecrashedwithanotherskater.Herheadhitagainsttheiceheavily.Everythingwentblack.Uptothatpoint，Sumathipala’sentirelifehadcentredaroundhersport—herdailyschedule，exerciseroutine，evenherdiet.Shehadhopesofmakingthe2018Olympicteam.Thefallontheicewouldchangeeverything，includingherdirection.Sumathipalahadabraininjuryanditendedherskatingcareer.Symptomslastedforyears.Hermemoryfeltunclearattimes.She’dfindherselfdizzy，sick，orexhausted.Sumathipalaconsulteddoctors，somanythatshe“lostcount”.Butnoonehadanswers.Sumathipalabegantorealizethattherewassomuchunknownaboutthebrain.Shesetouttofindtheanswersherself，apaththatwouldeventuallybringhertoHarvardUniversity，whereshe’dconcentrateonthehumanbrain.Throughoutherfouryears，Sumathipalahomedinonbrainscience.SheworkedwiththeMcCarrollLabatHarvardMedicalSchool，helpingdevelopanewmethodforsequencingsynapses(神经突序列)inthebrain，whicharecrucialformemoryandlearning.Evenasanundergraduate，hercolleaguesweresostruckbyhowmatureherthinkingalreadywasaboutsciencethatshequicklybecameatrustedandvaluedmemberofthelab.Also，SumathipalacompetedwiththeHarvardFigureSkatingCluballfouryears.Shehelpedincreaseitsmembershipandintroducednewskaterstothesportshestillloves.“Ispentalongtimestrugglingwithmyidentity，”shesaid.“GrowingupIwasjustaskaterandthen，whenIgotinjured，Ihadtorebuildmyidentity.ThenIwasascientist.Now，Iidentifyasbeingbothaskaterandascientist.”ReflectingonheryearsatHarvard，Sumathipalasaidoneofthethingsshe’smostgratefulforisseeinghowthingshavecomefullcircleforher.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了玛丽莎·苏马蒂帕拉因脑部受伤，导致记忆受损，被迫放弃滑冰转而专注于人脑研究，在科学领域有所建树的同时又致力于滑冰事业的故事。1．WhatdoweknowaboutSumathipala’sinjury?A．Itstoppedherskatingeventually.B．Itledtoherlossofeyesight.C．Itchangedherlifedirection.D．Itwaseasilycuredbydoctors.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thefallontheicewouldchangeeverything，includingherdirection.”可知，苏马蒂帕拉的受伤改变了她的人生方向。故选C。2．InwhatwaydidSumathipalathinkshecouldfindtheanswertoherdisease?A．Turningtodoctors.B．Goingonpracticing.C．Rebuildingheridentity.D．Doingresearchonbrainherself.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，她认为专注于人脑研究会帮助她找到答案。故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“homedinon”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Focusedon.B．Returnedto.C．Attendedto.D．Stayedat.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“bringhertoHarvardUniversity，whereshe’dconcentrateonthehumanbrain”可知，苏马蒂帕拉在哈佛大学就读期间专注于人脑研究。由此可推知，画线短语词义与focuson接近，意为“专注于”。故选A。4．WhatmadethingscomefullcircleforSumathipala?A．Deeploveforfigure­skating.B．Herdeterminationtoachievelifegoals.C．Thepraisefromherlabcolleagues.D．Goodrelationshipwithnewskaters.答案B解析推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据倒数第二段中的“GrowingupIwasjustaskaterandthen，whenIgotinjured，Ihadtorebuildmyidentity.ThenIwasascientist.Now，Iidentifyasbeingbothaskaterandascientist.”可推知，事情回到原点是因为她拥有坚定的实现目标的决心。故选B。B(2023·湖北八校联考)Youmayneverknowwhytheemailwillarriveandreasonsofferedforyourrejectionmightbetherealones—ornot.Bosseshavealwaysspiedontheiremployees，thenjudgedthem.Nowtheriseoftheonlineselfmeanstheemployer’seyecantravelstillfarther.Evenbeforethepandemic，researchfoundthat28%oflargecompanieshadturneddownapplicantsaftercarryingoutsuchchecks.Anditisbecomingmorepopular:ReedScreening，alargeagency，wasaskedtorunoverathirdmoresocial­mediachecksinDecemberthisyearthanayearearlier.ThismonththegovernmentgavethepracticeapprovalwhentheDepartmentforEducationsaidschoolsandcolleges“shouldconsidercarryingoutanonlinesearchaspartoftheirduediligence(尽职调查)”．Thewayscreeningworksissimple:Any“problematic”behaviourswillbemarkedwitharedflag.Therearelawsgoverningsuchonlinescreening.DavidErdos，headoftheCentreforIntellectualPropertyandInformationLaw，saysthatcompaniesaresupposedtowarncandidatesbeforescreeningtheirsocialmediaandtellthemthattheyhavetherighttoholdbackpermission.Somecompaniesfollowtheserules，butothersmaynot.Asfortherighttorefuse，itishardlypracticable.“Whoonearthis...goingtobethatpersonwhosays，‘Hangonaminute.I’mnothappyaboutthat？’”asksMrErdos.“Thatitselfislikelytobearedflag.”Allagreethatthespreadofonlinescreeningisalarming，asitissounforgiving.Peoplemaybeunableevertobefreeoftheironlinepast，saysMrErdos.Asindeedsomefootballers，recentlypunishedforcommentsmadealmostadecadeagowhentheywerebutteenagers，havefoundtotheircost.Thosewithintheindustrythinklawsshouldbetightened，withpunishmentforillegalact.Inthemeantime，beingverycarefulisadvisable.Intalkstouniversitystudents，MrErdoswarnsthemwhatcompanieswilldototheirsocialmediawhentheyapplyforjobs.“Theyareuniversallyterrified，”hesays.Andrightly.语篇解读本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在网络的帮助下，雇主可以更为广泛地监控和评价求职者。5．Whatcanweknowaboutonlinescreeningfromparagraph2?A．Itisturneddownbylargecompanies.B．Itbooststhedevelopmentofeducation.C．Itisbecomingincreasinglyacceptable.D．Ithighlightsthewisdomofemployers.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容尤其是第二句可知，在线筛查正越来越被接受。故选C。6．Whatdoapplicantstendtodowithonlinescreening?A．Theyrejecttheredflags.B．Theyhavetosubmittoit.C．Theywillchargethecompany.D．Theypostponecarryingitout.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Asfortherighttorefuse，itishardlypractica