第17讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（练）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（解析版）

第17讲词义猜测题（模拟精练+真题演练）根据文章选择正确的选项1.（2023年浙江绍兴高三统考）AsthepandemicbegantotakeitstollonNewYorkinMarch2020,InvisibleHandsDeliverwitnessedamassiveoutpouringofsupportfromlike-mindedindividualsinthecommunity.Besidesvolunteeringtodelivergroceriesforfree,NewYorkersalsoreachedouttotranslatetheInvisibleHandsflyersintooveradozenlanguages,enablingtheorganisationtoreachouttomoremembersofthecommunity.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takeitstoll”meaninparagraph3?A．Causegreatdamage.B．Reducetheimpact.C．Fillahugegap.D．Recoverslowly.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“AsthepandemicbegantotakeitstollonNewYorkinMarch2020,InvisibleHandsDeliverwitnessedamassiveoutpouringofsupportfromlike-mindedindividualsinthecommunity.(2020年3月，随着大流行病开始在纽约takeitstoll，InvisibleHandsDeliver组织目睹了社区中志同道合者的大力支持。)”可知，疫情期间社区中志同道合的人们伸出援助之手，大力支持社区的人们，这说明疫情造成了巨大损失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，画线短语“takeitstoll”意为“造成很大损失”，故选A。2.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）Thebarefactisthatwewillcontinuetoimproveourintelligentmachines.Wehaveproblemsthatwedesperatelyneedtosolve.Sowewilldothis,ifwecan.Thetrainisalreadyoutofthestation,andthere’snobraketopull.Ifwebuildmachinesthataremoreintelligentthanweare,theywillverylikelydevelopinwaysthatwecan’timagine,andtranscendusinwaysthatwecan’timagine.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transcend”inParagraph3mean?A．Disable.B．Inspire.C．Disappoint.D．Outpace.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半部分“Ifwebuildmachinesthataremoreintelligentthanweare,theywillverylikelydevelopinwaysthatwecan’timagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D。3.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）TheNationalMeritScholarshipisoneawardedtothosewhodowellonthePreliminarySATortheNationalMeritScholarshipQualifyingTest.TheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporationwillgrantaround7,600studentsthescholarshipafteranintensefilteringofabout1.6millionentries.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“filtering”meaninparagraph2?A．Selecting.B．Cooperating.C．Fighting.D．Matching.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“TheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporationwillgrantaround7,600studentsthescholarshipafteranintense”以及后文“ofabout1.6millionentries”可知，国家优秀奖学金公司是从约160万名申请者中选出7600名学生发放奖学金。故画线词意思是“选择”。故选A。4.（2023年湖北襄阳四中模拟测试）Itmayseemverydifferent,butbabiesarecertainlynotlyingaroundrandomly.“Babiesdon’texploretheworldbychance,withtheireyesfallingonit.Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect.”saysDrFrancescoPoli.Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段“Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect,saysDrFrancescoPoli.(如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。FrancescoPoli博士说)”以及文章第三段“Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?(即使对婴儿来说，这听起来容易做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)”可知，此处的That指代的应该是有策略地学习。故选C项。5.（2023年湖北黄冈中学校考二模）Just17monthsearlier,thistriphadseemedimpossible.InMay2017,MavaniwasdiagnosedwithtypeIdiabetes(糖尿病).Shesays,“Ifeltsolow,thinking,‘WhatamIgoingtodonowinlife,stuckwiththis?’”ThenewsputinjeopardyallMavani’shopesoftravelling.Sheretiredtheyearbeforeandhersoneventuallyflewthenest.“Ifeltfree.Itwasmychance.Ithought,‘Hooray,Icanenjoylife.’”ButherdiagnosismadeMavaniscaredtoleavethehouse.Hereldersistercametohelp,butMavani“couldn’twalktothelocalpark”withoutfeelingunwell.Veryslowly,Mavanibuiltherselfupfromwalkingaroundtheblocktotakinggentlegymclasses.ItwastherethatshemetHazel,whoinvitedhertoatalkaboutclimbingKilimanjaro.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“putinjeopardy”inparagraph3mean?A．Revealed.B．Inspired.C．Announced.D．Threatened.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段的“InMay2017,MavaniwasdiagnosedwithtypeIdiabetes.（2017年5月，Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病）”可知，划线短语前的thenews指的是Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病这件事，这件事肯定是危及到她的旅行计划，所以划线短语putinjeopardy的意义为“使处于险境”。故选D项。6.（2023年江苏南京金陵中模拟预测）Asparents,wealwayshopetodevelopcharactertraitsinourchildrenthatwillenhancetheirsuccessinlife.WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.DerToothFairy，Plezelevemeyormajikwand(杖).Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.LuvMeeganRecognizingpotentialleadershipskills,preciousopportunityandtheteachablemoment,the“ToothFairy”leftthefollowingnoteforlittleMeegan:Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theteachablemoment”referto?A．Meeganlostatooth.B．Meeganwrappedatooth.C．Meeganwroteanote.D．Meeganreceivedanote.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段“WhenourdaughterMeegan,theeldestoffivechildren,lostherfronttoothattheageofsix,wefoundthefollowingnotewrappedaroundthetinytooth.Plezelevemeyormajikwand.Iwanttobeatoothfairy,too.(当我们的女儿Mee