考点13 不定式（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（学生版）

1考点13不定式（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题考点分布考点题型不定式语法填空2023试卷类型不定式考点2023·新高考Ⅰ卷tobite不定式作宾语2023·新高考Ⅰ卷tobelifted动词不定式作宾语补足语2023·全国甲卷toteach动词不定式作目的状语20222022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷tosee目的状语2022·全国高考乙卷Tostrengthen目的状语2022·新高考I卷toincrease目的状语2022·全国甲卷tojourney作后置定语20212021新课标II卷toeducate目的状语2021全国甲卷towalk主语2021全国乙tohave目的状语2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于不定式的考查共计10次，主要考查：1．不定式作目的状语；2．不定式作定语；3.不定式作宾补；4.不定式作主语和宾语；5.不定式的各种形式及其意义。【备考策略】系统归类不定式的用法，尤其是不定式作目的状语；熟练掌握不定式的各种形式的意义和用法。【命题预测】语法填空对不定式的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查不定式作目的状语。基础知识：时态主动式被动式一般式todotobedone2完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing-----------------完成进行式tohavebeendoing-----------------●不定式的否定形式在to前加上not或者never。重难点知识：考点1不定式作主语1.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Itispossible______(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.2.[2021·八省1月联考）]Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasier________（make）eco-friendlylifestylechoices.【方法指导】1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；ofsb和forsb是不定式的逻辑主语：A.Itis/was+形容词（ofsb）todosth.【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用ofsb作逻辑主语：wrong,right,kind,nice,brave,careful,careless,greedy,honest,lazy,modest,selfish,thoughtful,impolite,polite,clever,foolish,silly,stupid,cruel,rude,generous，considerate…】B.Itis/was+形容词（forsb）todosth.【以下形容词通常用forsb作逻辑主语：easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,possible,safe,dangerous,unusual,wonderful…。多数情况都用forsb作逻辑主语。】1)Itispolite(ofyou)torespecttheold.2)Itisimportant(forus)todoastheRomansdo.3)It’simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.It’simportantforthefigures_________________regularly.考点2不定式作目的状语1.（2023·全国甲卷语法填空）Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)61.(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.2.[2021·浙江1月]Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesuse________（communicate）.3.[2020·海南卷]______(survive)intheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.【方法指导】1.不定式作目的状语：1)Tocompletetheprojectintime,theworkerswillhavetoworkdayandnight.32)Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.3)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheirvaluabletime.4)Youmustsetoutatonceinordernot(soasnot)tobelateforschool.5)Manypeoplehavetowearglassesto/inorderto/soastoseedistantobjectsclearly.=To/inordertoseedistantobjectsclearly,manypeoplehavetowearglasses.(soasto一般不放在句首)2.to不定式可作目的状语，doing也可作目的状语。区别是doing前常有一个逗号。1)Themanhascometothetown,lookingforhislostwife.2)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint．3.为了做…,某人尽所能；尽力做…dowhatsbcantodosth:doall(that)sbcantodosth:doeverything/anything(that)sbcantodosth:1)Youmustdoeverythingthatyoucantosavethewoman'slife.2)Thefarmersoughttodowhattheycantogetinallthericebeforetheheavyrain.3)Weshoulddoall(that)wecantohelpthepoorpeopletolivethroughthewinter.4.不定式作结果状语：so/such…asto…:(如此…以致…)enough…to…:(足够)onlyto…:(结果)neverto…:(结果再也没有)too…to…:(太…而不能…)1)Shewassosillyastogiveallhermoneytothecheat.2)Theycameheresoearlyastoseethefamousfilmstars.3)Iamnotsuchafoolastobelievethatkindofthing.4)TheboyisoldenoughtojointheRoyalArmy.5)Mymother’sunclewentabroadin1936,nevertocomebackhomeagain.◆onlytodo/bedone:可译为：“结果…”这是一种预料之外的结果。常含有“惊讶，失望，放心”之意。onlydoingsth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。1)Shehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthe9:45trainhadleft.2)Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.3)Hisfatherdied,(only)leavinghim1000pounds.●a.too+形/副+todosth:太…而不能做。不定式为结果状语。1)Theboyistooyoungtoattendschool.2)Themanisrunningtooslowlytocatchupwithhisworkmates.●b.too+形/副+todosth:非常/很…做。这种用法too后的形容词常是：easy,anxious,eager,willing,glad,pleased,ready,satisfied等,并且too前常有not,only,but,all,just。1)Wearenottoosorrytoseethenewsoldiersleaveourhometowns.42)Iamonlytoopleasedtotakepartintheactivity.3)Theyknowbuttoowelltokeepitasecret.4)Mytailorsaretooreadytodosomesewingforthemiddleschoolstudents.5)SuchanearthquakeisalltoolikelytohappenagaininJapan.5.不定式作原因状语：1)Iamveryhappytoseeyouagain.2)Youwillbedisappointedtofailinthecollegeentranceexamsnextyear.3)Shewassorrytohavekeptuswaitingsolong.4)Shewashappytohavebeenstayingwithheraunt.5)HejumpedwithjoytoseetheniceChristmaspresents.★I.以下形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,nice,good,clear,dangerous,pleasant,interesting,fit,bitter,exciting,comfortable,convenient,amusing,impossible等后常接主动式不定式。如形容词前有too或形容词后有enough时，不定式用主动，被动均可。1)Chongqingishard/difficult/easytofindonthismap.2)Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.3)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreathe.4)Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompanyispleasanttodealwith.5)Thisbuildingisdangerous/pleasant/comfortabletolivein.6)Themedicineisbittertodrink.7)Thatflyingbirdisimpossibletocatch.8)Thefoodistoohottoeat/tobeeaten.9)Myschoolbagistooheavytocarry/tobecarried.10)Herschoolbagislightenoughtocarry/tobecarried.1.（2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）Heuseddifferentshadesofink_______(model)theshrimp’storso(躯干)andhead.Theseshrimpsarenotjustpassivesubjectmatter;rathertheyarefirmlystatingtheirpresence.2.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））Chinaisdevelopinganew-generationlaunchvehicle________(send)astronautstothemoon,whichwillbecompletedby203