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【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】热点07生态环保之阅读理解押题纵览2023年新高考I卷A篇的自行车租赁,引导学生培养绿色生活理念和环保意识,B篇的生态设计,引导学生发现问题、解决问题,养成科学探究的精神,由此可知生态环保是高考英语的重点考查内容。体现了“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”的核心功能。预测2024年高考阅读理解部分仍然会涉及到生态环保的话题。说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体,它以说明为主要表达方式,通过解说事物或阐明事理,达到教人以知识的目的,在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序(如时间、空间、从现象到本质)进行说明。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理,了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等,了解事理的含意、特点等。最近五年,说明文的出现变化不大,一直很稳定,选材通常是各学科的前沿问题;高科技领域的科研成果;人们比较关心的社会问题,人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式,即由简到难的方式,因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的,通常后置。阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活,同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现,未列入考纲的生词较多,通常达到了4-5%。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇,例如,下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明)等。(2023·新高考I卷B)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscould典例分析【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】beusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.4.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学,他建造了一个生态机器,利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthrough【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】plantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如,一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后,往往会变得清澈。长大后,约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌?哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质?)”可知,约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(几个星期后,约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物,开始吃了起来!几周之内,它就被消化了,只剩下纯净水)”可知,约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(这些年来,约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知,作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中,观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知,约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。(建议用时:8分钟/篇)1.(2023·辽宁·统考三模)Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogenproductiontocleanupheavyindustries.Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.Greenhydrogeniscreatedwhenrenewableenergysourcespoweranelectricalcurrentthatrunsthroughwater,separatingitshydrogenandoxygenmolecules(分子).Theprocessdoesn’tproduceplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,butlessthan0.1%ofglobalhydrogenproductioniscurrentlycreatedinthisway.Theseparatedhydrogencanbeusedintheproductionofsteel,amm
本文标题:热点07 生态环保之阅读理解押题-2024年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(新高考专用)(解析版)
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