九年级英语——定语从句的考点讲解和训练

复习九：定语从句的考点讲解和训练【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.定语从句的功用和结构2.关系代词和关系副词的功用3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。一.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?Mr.Lee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthat（who）isreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?(我能给你做点什么吗？)(2)先行词被any,all，much,many等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他妈妈。(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.这是我度过的最美好的时光。(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Theytalkedaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。(6)先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时。例：Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.(这将会是他得到的唯一机会。)Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.(他是唯一能帮你的人。)(7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。例：Whichisthebookthatheboughtfromthelibraryyesterday?(哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？)2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.3.特别提醒定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。（1）【误】Peoplewhohasbeeninvitedtothepartyareveryexcited.【正】Peoplewhohavebeeninvitedtothepartyareveryexcited.【解析】例句中who在定语从句中作主语，先行词是people，从句中谓语动词要用havebeeninvited。（2）【误】IlikethephotoswhichwastakeninBeijing.【正】IlikethephotoswhichweretakeninBeijing.【解析】whichweretakeninBeijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词thephotos，而which本身就代替先行词thephotos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只从形式上看它是单数。4.在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但如果theonly来修饰one时，从句的动词应是单数形式。如：Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathavebeentold.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslate.五.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.【中考范例】1.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。一.单项填空1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.that