宾语从句讲解(全)

Page1of9宾语从句(TheObjectClause)学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语：Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语:Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二、宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法。在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that常可省略),whether,if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。一)、连词：that(that常可省略),whether,ifHetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.1、that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意：宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou?Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?练习题(1)Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?A．isn’theB．isheC．doID．don’tI(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?A．doesn’theB．doesheC．issheD．isn’tshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________?A．didn’theB．didheC．didID．didn’tIPage2of9(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what(5).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、当it作形式宾语时例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2、由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：①在具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether(if…ornot也可以使用)。如：Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot．(＝Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)让我知道他是否能来。Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot．(＝Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing．)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego．我不知道我们是去还是留。②在介词之后用whether。如：I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。③在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解为：Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句①if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.②if引导否定概念的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.③引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.二)、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,Page3of9discover,understand,inform,advise等。①连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?②连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题：(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where(5)---Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?David?---Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where(7)Thereisnotmuchdifference