电气安全意识培训

ElectricalSafetyAwarenessTrainingAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineDepartmentofEnvironmentalHealth&SafetyEvanRousseauIndustrialHygienist(718)[e-mail]PurposeBasicConceptsofElectricityHazardRecognitionEffectsofElectricityontheHumanBodyElectricalHazardProtectionWorkPracticesHowtoRespond/ReportaProblemSupervisorResponsibilitiesEmployeeResponsibilitiesVideoPurposeRaiseyourawarenesstopotentialelectricalhazards.Instructyouonhowtorecognizeelectricalhazards.Providewaystoeliminate,remove,andpreventelectricalhazardsintheworkplace.Emphasizingtheextremeimportanceofobservingallelectricalsafetyrequirementsandpractices.Instructingyouonwhattodointheeventanelectricalaccident.PurposeCourseisnotdesignedtoteachyoutoworkonelectricalequipment.Youwillnotbequalifiedtoworkonelectricalequipment.Ifyouseeproblemswithelectricalequipment,notifyyoursupervisor.BasicConceptsofElectricityElectricityistheflowofelectrons(current)throughaconductor.Requiresasourceofpower:usuallyageneratingstation.Travelsinaclosedcircuit.Whenyoubecomepartofthecircuit,theinjurymaybefatal.HazardRecognitionCords&EquipmentPowertoolsandextensioncordsmustbeinspectedeachtimetheyareused.Theymustbetakenoutofserviceimmediatelyupondiscoveryofwornorbrokeninsulation.HazardRecognitionCords&EquipmentVisuallyinspectelectricalequipmentbeforeeachusefordamageand/orexternaldefectssuchasloose,missingordeformedparts,pinchedorcrushedouterjacketsorinsulation.Thistypeofexternaldamagemayindicateinternaldamagetotheequipment.Electricalcordsthatarewornordamagedmustbereplacedwithoutdelay.Beforecleaningelectricalequipment,turnitoffandunplugit.HazardRecognitionElectricalPanelsElectricpanelsmustbekeptclearofanyobstructionsatalltimes.Storageisnotallowedinelectricalvaultorservicepanelrooms.Findanotherplaceforstorageofmaterials,products,etc.HazardRecognitionTripHazardsDon’tcausetrippinghazardsorcreatepinchpointsforcords.Ifyoumustrunacordtemporarilyacrossthefloor,protectyourco-workersbycoveringthecordappropriately.HazardRecognitionExposedWiringAssumeallexposedwiringisenergizeduntilprovenotherwise.Stop,protectthearea,andcontactsupervisionifyouencounterthissituation.HazardRecognitionPowerStripsNeverdaisychainmulti-outletstrips(pluggingintoeachother)HazardRecognitionJunctionboxes,pullboxes,andfittingsmusthaveapprovedcoversinplace.Unusedopeningsincabinets,boxes,andfittingsmustbeclosed(nomissingknockouts).Reportthesesituationstoyoursupervisor.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBodyThefourmajortypesofelectricalinjuriesare:DirectElectrocutionElectricalShockBurnsIndirectFallsEffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:ElectricalShockReceivedwhencurrentpassesthroughthebody.Severityoftheshockdependson:Pathofcurrentthroughthebody.Amountofcurrentflowingthroughthebody.Lengthoftimethebodyisinthecircuit.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:ElectricalShockRangeofcurrentslasting1secondwillillicitthefollowingreactions:1milliampJustafainttingle.5milliampsSlightshockfelt.Mostpeoplecanletgo.6-30milliampsPainfulshock.Muscularcontrolislost.Thisistherangewere“freezingcurrent”starts.Itmaynotbepossibletoletgo.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:ElectricalShock50-150milliampsExtremelypainfulshock,respiratoryarrest,(breathingstops)andseveremusclecontractions.Deathispossible.1,000-4,300milliamps(1-4.3amps)Arrhythmicheartpumpingaction,musclescontract,andnervedamageoccurs.Deathislikely.10,000+milliamps(10amps)Cardiacarrestandsevereburnsoccur.Deathisprobable.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:ElectricalShockThelongertheexposure,theincreaseddangerofshocktothevictim.Lowvoltagecanbeextremelydangerousbecausethedegreeofinjurydependsnotonlyonthecurrent,butonthelengthoftimeincontactwiththecircuit.Example:Acurrentof100mAappliedfor3secondsisasdangerousas900mAappliedfor0.03seconds.LowVoltageDoesNotMeanLowHazard.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:ElectricalShockHighvoltagesleadtoadditionalinjuriessuchas:ViolentmuscularcontractionsMusclecontractionsmaycausebonefracturesfromeithercontractionsthemselvesorfromfalls.Internalbleeding,destructionoftissues,nervesandmuscles.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:ElectricalBurnsThemostcommonshockrelated,nonfatalinjuryisaburn.Burnscausedbyelectricitymaybeofthreetypes:ElectricalburnsArcburnsThermalcontactburnsElectricalburnsneedtobegivenimmediatemedicalattention.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:ElectricalBurnsElectricalburnsoccurwhenapersontoucheselectricalwiringorequipmentthatisusedormaintainedimproperly.Typicallysuchburnsoccuronthehands.Clothingmaycatchonfireandathermalburnmayresultfortheheatofthefire.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:Arc-blastAnarc-blastisaluminouselectricaldischargethatoccurswhenhighvoltagesexistacrossagapbetweenconductorsandcurrenttravelsthroughtheair.Temperaturesashighas35,000Fhavebeenreachedinarc-blasts.EffectsofElectricityontheHumanBody:Arc-blastThethreeprimaryhazardsassociatedwithanarc-blastare:Archinggivesoffthermalradiation(heat)andintenselightwhichcausesburns.Ahighvoltag