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1YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.焊接方法与设备2015年6月浙江银轮机械股份有限公司研究院2YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.目录CONTENTS焊接方法与设备第1部分金属材料的焊接性第2部分焊接结构与设计第3部分3YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.目录CONTENTS04~06概述第1章07~17焊条电弧焊第2章18~29钨极惰性气体保护焊第3章30~47熔化极气体保护焊第4章48~57电阻焊第5章58~64高频焊第6章65~84激光焊第7章85~91螺柱焊第8章4YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.4YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第1章概述焊接:是通过加热或加压,或者两者并用,并且用或不用填充材料,借助于金属原子扩散和结合,使分离的材料牢固地连接在一起的加工方法。熔焊将待焊处母材金属熔化以形成焊缝的焊接方法压焊焊接过程中,必须对焊件施加压力(加热或不加热),以完成焊接的方法称为压焊。钎焊钎焊是硬钎焊和软钎焊的总称。采用比母材金属熔点低的金属(称为钎料),将焊件和钎料加热到高于钎料熔点、低于母材熔化温度,利用液态钎料填充接头间隙并与固态母材通过扩散实现连接焊件的方法。焊接方法分为三大类5YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.5YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第1章概述压力焊摩擦焊超声波焊爆炸焊扩散焊高频焊钎焊软钎焊硬钎焊熔焊电弧焊电渣焊等离子弧焊电子束焊激光焊焊条电弧焊气体保护焊埋弧焊电阻焊螺柱焊气焊高能束6YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.6YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第1章概述焊接发展历史:古代,铁匠用锻造的方法焊接铁器;1881年,俄国人发明了碳弧焊;1887年,法国人发明了电阻焊;1901-1902年,德国发明了铝热焊;1901-1903年,发明了氧乙炔焊;1907年,瑞典人发明了焊条电弧焊;1935年-1945年,开始了机械化电弧焊;1945-1970年,出现了氩弧焊,金属极气体保护焊,摩擦焊,电渣焊,等离子弧焊,超声波焊,激光焊,电子束焊,1992年,英国TWI研究所开发了搅拌摩擦焊。目前,焊接技术往自动化,智能化和多种焊接方法复合焊接方向发展。7YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.7YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第2章焊条电弧焊电弧焊是利用电弧的热量加热、熔化金属进行焊接的。焊条电弧焊是利用手工操作焊条进行焊接的电弧焊方法特点:设备简单,操作灵活,适应各种条件焊接(室外、水下焊接),对工人操作要求高,生产效率低。(一)焊接原理及特点8YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.8YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第2章焊条电弧焊9YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.9YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第2章焊条电弧焊(1)直流电源焊接正接法:焊件接电源正极,焊条接负极。反接法:焊件接电源负极,焊条接正极。选择极性时,主要根据焊条的性质与焊件的厚度。正接时,工件上热量较大,可保证有较大的熔深,用于厚件焊接;反接法用于薄板和有色金属焊接。(2)交流电源焊接时,不存在正、反接问题。(二)焊接电弧电极与应用10YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.10YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第2章焊条电弧焊(三)电焊条(1)焊条的组成及其作用手工焊焊条由焊芯和涂料(药皮)组成。焊芯焊芯是焊条中被药皮包覆的金属芯。它起导电和填充金属的作用。焊芯用钢丝通常采用焊接专用钢丝。焊芯牌号:H+材料牌号(H08,H08Mn2Si)药皮药皮是压涂在焊芯表面的涂料层。它起稳弧、造气、造渣、脱氧、粘结等作用。药皮必须含有造气剂和造渣剂。还应含有稳弧剂和合金化剂,以及脱氧剂、脱硫剂和去氢剂等。11YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.11YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第2章焊条电弧焊(2)电焊条的选用原则•等强度原则:低碳钢和普通低合金钢构件,一般都要求焊缝金属与母材等强度,因此可根据钢材强度等级来选用相应的焊条。•同一强度等级的酸性焊条和碱性焊条的选用。主要应考虑:焊接件的结构形状、钢板厚度、载荷性质和抗裂性能而定。•低碳钢与低合金结构钢焊接,可按某一种钢接头中强度较低的钢材来选用相应的焊条。•焊接不锈钢或耐热钢等有特殊性能要求的钢材,应选用相应的专用焊条。12YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.12YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumentisprohibitedwithouttheexpressedauthorization.第2章焊条电弧焊(四)焊接规范焊接时,影响焊接质量与生产效率的工艺参数,主要是焊条直径与焊接电流焊条直径由工件厚度、焊缝位置和焊接层数等因素确定;选用较大直径的焊条,能提高生产率;但如用过大直径的焊条,会造成未焊透和焊缝成形不良。一般情况下,焊件厚度<4mm时,焊条直径等于焊件厚度;≥4mm时,焊条直径为(4~6)mm。仰焊时,焊条直径一般不超过4mm。13YinlunConfidential:Anyreproduction,distribution,utilizationandcommunicationofthecontentscontainedinthisdocumenti
本文标题:焊接方法与设备
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