特种设备无损检测技术综述

2006281(中国特种设备检测研究中心,北京100013)(河北大学质量技术监督学院,保定071051):特种设备是在工业生产和人民生活中广泛使用的具有潜在危险的重要设备和设施,无损检测技术在确保特种设备制造安装质量和安全运行中至关重要综述了特种设备在原材料制造和使用过程中采用的各种无损检测技术,包括射线检测超声检测磁粉检测渗透检测涡流检测声发射检测红外检测磁记忆检测和漏磁检测等,论述了采用不同检测技术的目的和意义:特种设备;超声检测;射线检测;电磁检测;声发射检测;红外线检测;表面检测;在役检测;综述:TG115.28:A:10006656(2006)01003406SurveyofNondestructiveTestingTechniquesforSpecialEquipmentSHENGongtian(ChinaSpecialEquipmentInspectionandResearchCenter,Beijing100013,China)ZHANGWanling(TheCollegeofQualityandTechnicalSupervisionofHebeiUniversity,Baoding071051,China)Abstract:Specialequipmentsareveryimportantequipmentswithpotentialdanger,whicharewidelyusedinindustrialproductionandpeoplesdailylife.Nondestructivetesting(NDT)playsoneofthemostimportantrolesininsuringmanufacturequalityandoperationsafetyofspecialequipments.TheNDTtechniquesusedforrawmaterial,manufactureandinservicetestingofspecialequipmentsarereviewed,suchasradiographictesting,ultrasonictesting,magneticparticletesting,dyepenetranttesting,eddycurrenttesting,acousticemissiontesting,metalmagneticmemorytestingandmagneticfluxleakagetesting.TheapplicationpurposeoftheNDTtechniquesareindicated.Keywords:Specialequipment;Ultrasonictesting;Radiographictesting;Electromagnetictesting;Acousticemissiontesting;Infraredtesting;Surfacetesting;Inservicetesting;Survey20033373,,()2003,56.24133.751.579819.42()62.98km42.3855.641.95305,:20051128,,,,,,34沈功田等:特种设备无损检测技术综述无损检测2006281()[1~7],,,,,,,JB47302005,,,JB47301,()1.1,,,,,1.2,()();,1.3;(),,80%1.450mm()1.5,2,,,100%,,,20%;ASME10%;AD2%2.1,XX50~450kV,50mm20mm;75Se(4~40mm),192Ir(20~100mm)60Co(40~200mm),,X,X,;,,35沈功田等:特种设备无损检测技术综述无损检测2006281,200mm2~9MeV,40~380mm,;,2~7.5MeV,,,,,125m,,;Evnision,39m,,2.2,,,,,;,220V24V,,,,(),(),2.38~300mmA,P;;,,(TOFD);,32~159mm4~8mm,A1~5MHz2~5MH46mm,,,30%,10mmA,,,1.5~3RDTeck,,,,,,RDTeckHanfangSonatest,,ASTM,,0.5mm,2005JB473036沈功田等:特种设备无损检测技术综述无损检测2006281(TOFD),,,,,RDTeck,ASME,TOFD,TOFD2.4,,,,,,3~5m100m317,400m318,1000m326,,,,,,;,Kaiser,,,,PACVallen,,,3,,,;,,12;,;,,,(),3.1,,;;,,3.2;,,6dB,3.312mm,,,,,,3.4,,,ZetecRusselForesterZetec37沈功田等:特种设备无损检测技术综述无损检测2006281,Russel,2~33.5,100%,80%,,1%,,,,,,(),,,0.2mm,0.5mm,5mm;2mm,1mm,5mm;5mm3.6[8],,(),,(),(),5%RTD1997()(RTDINCOTEST),(),,,;;(1mm);;;,;;;;6~65mm;50mm;150mm;3.7,[9],,,,,,,,,;,3.82090,90[10,11],,,,,,,,,38沈功田等:特种设备无损检测技术综述无损检测20062813.9,,,,,3.10,;,,,,,,,4(1),(2),,,(3),,(4),,,:[1].[S].1996.[2].[S].1991.[3].[S].1993.[4].[S].1999.[5].[S].1996.[6].[S].2000.[7].()[S].2003.[8]RobersM,ScottiniR.Pulsededdycurrentincorrosiondetection[A].Proceedingsof8thECNDT[C].Barcelona:2002.[9],,,.[J].,1999,21(7):321-325.[10].[A].:2002.[11],.[M].:,2000.(上接第30页)[12],,,.[J].,1998,19(4):260-262.[13]RajeshKumar,ShashiKumarSingh,ChandraShakher.Waveletfilteringappliedtotimeaveragedigitalspecklepatterninterferometryfringes[J].Optical&LaserTechnology,2001,33:567-571.[14]YuwenQin,JinlongChen,HaiboFan.Thestudyandapplicationofanewfilteringmethodonelectronicspecklepatterninterferometricfringe[J].OpticsandLasersinEngineering,2003,39:449-456.[15]PedriniG,SchedinS,TizianiHJ.Pulseddigitalholographycombinedwithlaservibrometryfor3Dmeasurementsofvibratingobjects[J].OpticsandLasersinEngineering,2002,38:117-129.[16],,.[J].,2001,30(1):54-57.[17]JoenathanC,FranzeB,HaibleP,etal.Speckleinterferometrywithtemporalphaseevaluationformeasuringlargeobjectdeformation[J].AppOpl,1998,37(13):2608-2614.[18],,.[J].,2001,25(4):279-282.39