9erobbins_PPT02

nintheditionSTEPHENP.ROBBINSPowerPointPresentationbyCharlieCookTheUniversityofWestAlabamaMARYCOULTER©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ManagementYesterdayandTodayChapter2©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–2LEARNINGOUTLINEFollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter.•HistoricalBackgroundofManagement•Explainwhystudyingmanagementhistoryisimportant.•Describesomeearlyevidencesofmanagementpractice.•ScientificManagement•DescribetheimportantcontributionsmadebyFredrickW.TaylorandFrankandLillianGilbreth.•Explainhowtoday’smanagersusescientificmanagement.©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–3LEARNINGOUTLINE(cont’d)FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter.•GeneralAdministrativeTheory•DiscussFayol’scontributionstomanagementtheory.•DescribeMaxWeber’scontributiontomanagementtheory.•Explainhowtoday’smanagersusegeneraladministrativetheory.•QuantitativeApproach•Explainwhatthequantitativeapproachhascontributedtothefieldofmanagement.•Discusshowtoday’smanagersusethequantitativeapproach.©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–4LEARNINGOUTLINE(cont’d)FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter.•TowardUnderstandingOrganizationalBehavior•DescribethecontributionsoftheearlyadvocatesofOB.•ExplainthecontributionsoftheHawthorneStudiestothefieldofmanagement.•Discusshowtoday’smanagersusethebehavioralapproach.•TheSystemsApproach•Describeanorganizationusingthesystemsapproach.•Discusshowthesystemsapproachhelpsusmanagement.©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–5LEARNINGOUTLINE(cont’d)FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter.•TheContingencyApproach•Explainhowthecontingencyapproachdiffersfromtheearlytheoriesofmanagement.•Discusshowthecontingencyapproachhelpsusunderstandmanagement.•CurrentIssuesandTrends•Explainwhyweneedtolookatthecurrenttrendsandissuesfacingmanagers.•Describethecurrenttrendsandissuesfacingmanagers.©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–6阶段的划分：•古典管理理论权变理论学派现代管理理论梅奥20世纪初-30年代30-50年代管理科学学派二战后泰罗法约尔系统管理学派行为管理理论行为科学家韦伯当代管理新视野80年代以来企业战略理论全面质量管理企业再造学习型组织企业文化©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–7Stages：•ClassicalmanagementtheoriesContingencyApproachModernManagementtheoriesMayoEarly1900s-1930s1930s-1950sManagerialScienceApproachAfterworldWarⅡTaylorHenriFayolSystemsApproachBehaviouralManagementtheoriesBehaviouristMaxweberNewviewsofcurrentmanagementAfter1980sStrategicmanagementTQMCorporateRedesigningLearningorganizationCorporateculture©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–8HistoricalBackgroundofManagement•AncientManagementEgypt(pyramids)andChina(GreatWall)Venetians(floatingwarshipassemblylines)•AdamSmithPublished“TheWealthofNations”in1776Advocatedthedivisionoflabor(jobspecialization)toincreasetheproductivityofworkers•IndustrialRevolutionSubstitutedmachinepowerforhumanlaborCreatedlargeorganizationsinneedofmanagement©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–9Exhibit2–1DevelopmentofMajorManagementTheories©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–10MajorApproachestoManagement•ScientificManagement•GeneralAdministrativeTheory•QuantitativeManagement•OrganizationalBehavior•SystemsApproach•ContingencyApproach©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–11ScientificManagement•FredrickWinslowTaylorThe“father”ofscientificmanagementPublishedPrinciplesofScientificManagement(1911)Thetheoryofscientificmanagement–Usingscientificmethodstodefinethe“onebestway”forajobtobedone:•Puttingtherightpersononthejobwiththecorrecttoolsandequipment.•Havingastandardizedmethodofdoingthejob.•Providinganeconomicincentivetotheworker.©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–12Exhibit2–2Taylor’sFourPrinciplesofManagement1.Developascienceforeachelementofanindividual’swork,whichwillreplacetheoldrule-of-thumbmethod.2.Scientificallyselectandthentrain,teach,anddeveloptheworker.3.Heartilycooperatewiththeworkerssoastoensurethatallworkisdoneinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofthesciencethathasbeendeveloped.4.Divideworkandresponsibilityalmostequallybetweenmanagementandworkers.Managementtakesoverallworkforwhichitisbetterfittedthantheworkers.©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–13ScientificManagement(cont’d)•FrankandLillianGilbrethFocusedonincreasingworkerproductivitythroughthereductionofwastedmotionDevelopedthemicrochronometer精密计时器totimeworkermotionsandoptimizeworkperformance•HowDoToday’sManagersUseScientificManagement?UsetimeandmotionstudiestoincreaseproductivityHirethebestqualifiedemployeesDesignincentivesystemsbasedonoutput©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–14GeneralAdministrativeTheory•HenriFayolBelievedthatthepracticeofmanagementwasdistinctfromotherorganizationalfunctionsDevelopedfourteenprinciplesofmanagementthatappliedtoallorganizationalsituations•MaxWeberDevelopedatheoryofauthoritybasedonanidealtypeoforganization(bureaucracy)Emphasizedrationality,predictability,impersonality,technicalcompetence,andauthoritarianism©2007PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2–15Exhibit2–3Fayol’s14PrinciplesofManagement1.Divisionofwork.2.Authority.3.Discipline.4.Unityofcommand.5.Unityofdirection.6.Subo