外研版高中英语必修三知识点-语法总结超全超值

必修三知识点汇总Module1Europe重要短语：becauseof因为thanksto由于；多亏了dueto/owingto由于asaresultof由于…的结果becoveredby/withbeknownfor/as/tomakeAoutofB用B制成AmakeAintoB/bemadeofworkon从事/做…工作；忙于have…incommonreferto参考/指的是/涉及/适用于havecontrolover/of对…有控制权Beyondcontrol无法控制undercontrol被控制住outofcontrol失去控制inthecontrolof由…控制/管理/负责losecontrolof对…失去控制haveapopulationof有多少人口littlebylittle渐渐地inone’sthirtiescompareAwith/andB比较A和Bcompare…to…把…比作….comparedwith/to…与…比较起来belongtoincrease(reduce)to/byintermsof根据/从…方面来说/从…的观点inthelong/shortterm就长/短期而言cometoterms=maketerms达成协议，和好bringsb.toterms使某人接收条件beongood/badtermswithsb.与某人交情好/不好befacedwith面临，面对facetofacealongthecoastoffthecoast在(离开海面的)海岸上eversince自从/一直ontheone/otherhand一方面/另一方面belocatedin=liein=besituatedin坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主…有…存在（be）oppositeto在…对面，与…相反justtheopposite恰恰相反keepacoolhead保持头脑清醒loseone’shead惊慌失措，失去理智headfor朝着…前进getintoadifficultsituation陷入困难的状况getoutofadifficultsituation摆脱困难的状况savethesituation挽回局势重要句型：1.Itisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数最。。。。之一2.PortugalistothewestofSpain.①表示位置:Ais/liesin/on/to/offthe+方向+ofBAislocated/situatedin/on/to/offthe+方向+ofB②位置+距离:Ais(about)+距离+（tothe）+方向+ofBin,on和to表地理方位的区别（1）表示A在B的范围内（2）强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.（3）A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Ourschoolistothewestofthehospital.我们学校在医院的西面。3.onthecoast和offthecoaston表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如：4.表示倍数的四种句型：1）Thisbridgeis3timeslongerthanthatone.这座桥比那座桥长3倍。2)Thisbridgeis4timesaslongasthatone这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。3）Ais…timesthesize/length/width/height/depthofBThisroomis3timesthesizeofthatone.这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。4)A+v.…timesasmany/much+n.+asBThefactoryhasproduced3timesasmanycarsasitdidlastyear.这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。语法要求：一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词(+by)”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be形式，过去分词不变。现在时被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词过去时被动语态：was/were+过去分词二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。注意：(1)something,everybody,nobody,either,neither,each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。(2)当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,including,except,ratherthan,but,等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。3）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。4）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Earlytobedandearlytoriseishealthful.5）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each,every,no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：Everyboyandgirlinthisregionistaughttoreadandwrite.6)谓语动词用单数的情况：manya…，morethanone…，Every…andevery…/，no…andno…/each…andeach…oneandahalf，a…ortwo，a/the(…and…)指同一人、事物或概念thenumberof…agreatdealof/alargeamountof2.意义一致原则。1)一些集合名词，如：family,enemy,class,population,army等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。如：2）由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如：Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.3.邻近性原则。neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso,or连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由there,here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。Module2重要短语：agreetotheplan(suggestion,proposal)同意（建议，安排）measuresthin/bysth用···来衡量agreewithsb.同意某人的观点或看法，适合agreeon/uponsth达成协议一致意见makeefforts/anefforttodosth.努力做某事sparenoeffort不遗余力with/withouteffort费力地/毫不费力地get(be)closeto靠近，接近，即将发生asaresultof由于asaresult结果resultin导致resultfrom由…引起in/duringthelasttenyearsreceiveagoodeducationbewillingtodosth.makecomparisons作比较beconnectedwithatthetopof/atthebottomoflivewith与..住/忍受upto直到/到…为止/多达makeprogress进步besimilarto与…相似encouragesbtodosthtakemeasurestodo采取措施becrowdedwith充满，满是inexchangefor交换achieveone’sgoalonahigh/lowincome高/低收入incometax(个人)所得税withthedevelopmentofunderdevelopment在发展中figureout算出/解决/理解/弄明白beupto=befitfor胜任，适合于sharesth.withsb.与某人分享share(in)sth.共享lifeexpectancy预期寿命;平均寿命重要句型：1.bebeimportanttosb.of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词eg.Hisadviceisofvaluetous.=valuableThisdictionaryisofgreatuse.=usefulWhathesaidisofimportanceforyou.=important2..till：直到uptosthbefitfor：胜任LiPingisnotuptohisjob.bebusyindoingsth：忙着做…beuptosb=belefttosbtodecide：由…决定/负责3.sure1)makesure表示“务必”，“确信”，“弄明白”，后面常接of/aboutsth.或that引导的宾语从句。Makesure(that)youwillarrivethereontime.你务必准时到这。Iknowthere’satrainthisafternoon,butImustmakesureofthetime.2）besureof,besurethat对···有把握，对···确定，确信Canwebesureofhishonesty./Canwebesurethatheishonest?I’msureofwinningthegame.3)besuretodo说话人推测主语“一定；必然会”或(常用于祈使句)务必做某事Heissuretobebacksoon.他一定会很快回来。Besurenottoforgetit.千万别忘了。注意：besureof与besuretodo的区别：①.Heissureofhissuccess.=Heissurethathewillsucceed.他确信他会成功。②.Heissuretosucceed.他一定会成功。(说话人的看法)③.Besuretowriteandtellmeallyournews.务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。另外，常见的与sure相关的短语还有：besureofoneself有自信心，forsure的确；确实地，sureenough果真，果然。用于口语，此时的“Sure.”相当于“Ofcourse.”与“Certainly.”。4.FromtheagreementcametheHumanDevelopmentReport.表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装,即谓语动词完全置于主语之前。Atthefootofthemountainliesasmallvillage.Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出去。Herecomesthebus.车来了。(Tothe)southofourschoolstandmanyshops.【部分倒装】①only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首②否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom等放于句首③so+adj/adv+(倒装)+that1.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth(Wefoundoutthetruthonlywhenhereturned.)2.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.(Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore)3.SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.(HespeaksEnglishsoclearlythat~)5．S.+be+adj.+todoeasy/good/safe/comfortable/dangerous/hard/difficult…1).Thewaterisnotpuretodrink(drink)2).Heneedsachairc