美国高品质公猪精液生产

March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea1ProductionofHighQualityBoarSemen高品质的公猪精液的生产DonaldG.Levis,PhDExtensionEducatorUniversityofNebraska–LincolnAgriculturalResearch&DevelopmentCenterMarch20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea2Subjectmattertobediscussed讨论的主要问题•Managementofboars公猪管理•Proceduresforcollecting,processingandstoringsemen精液的采集、处理和贮存程序•Designandmanagementofacommercialoff-siteboarstud场外商品公猪站的设计和管理March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea3ManagementofBoars公猪的管理•Topicstodiscuss讨论的主题–ReasonsforcullingAIboars淘汰人工授精站公猪的原因–Heat-stresseffects热应激作用–Photoperiodeffects光照周期的作用–Frequencyofcollection采精频率–Feedingprogram饲养程序March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea4ReasonsforcullingAIboars淘汰人工授精站公猪的原因Reason原因%Age年龄28Semenquality精液品质28Soundness健壮10Libido性欲10Temperament性情3Ulcers溃汤3Other其它18March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea5Rectaltemperature:直肠温度38.24°C(Boar1)37.75°C(Boar2)Testisis2to3°Ccooler睾丸的温度要低2-3摄氏度附睾的根部阴囊附睾的首部腹部后腿Preventheat-stressontestis防止睾丸的热应激反应March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea6Vascularsupplytotestishelpscooltestis睾丸供血系统有助降低睾丸温度Pampiniformplexus蔓状静脉丛-heatexchangebetweenarteryandvein动脉与静脉之间热交换Veins静脉Artery动脉Testicularartery睾丸动脉March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea7Temperatureoftestis,epididymis,scrotumandbodyatanambienttemperatureof23°Cor34°C环境温度23-34℃时,睾丸、附睾、阴囊及身体的温度Ifscrotumisnotcooled,thetemperatureofthetestiswillcontinuetorisewhenambienttemperaturerises!当环境温度升高,如果阴囊不能降温,睾丸温度将不断升高Temperatureofscrotumincreased4.0C阴囊温度增加4℃Temperatureoftestisincreased0.7C睾丸温度增加0.7℃Temperatureofepididymisincreased0.8C附睾温度增加0.8℃March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea8Totaltimetoproducespermcell:45to50days产生精子细胞的总时间：45-50天35daysintestis在睾丸中35天10to15daysinepididymis在附睾中10-15天附睾的首部附睾的根部附睾的体部输精管精小管March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea9HeatStressandSpermAbnormalities热应激和精子畸形010203040506070800123456789101112WeeksafterHeatStress热应激后的周数AbnormalSperm,%Peaksat6weeks6周达最大Stillhighat8weeks8周仍较高畸形精子March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea10HeatStressofboarsandconceptionrate公猪热应激与受胎率0204060801000123456789101112WeeksafterHeatStress热应激后的周数Femaleconception,%5-to6-weekdelayuntilworst5-6周的延迟后达最坏ExtendedRecovery延迟恢复母猪受胎率March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea11Effectofseasononspermoutput季节对精子产量的影响60.758.752.462.350.854.742.452.4404550556065ABCDBoarfacilitySperm/ejaculate,billionWinterSummer冬季夏季种公猪舍精子/射出十亿March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea12Effectofseasononpercentageofejaculatesdiscarded季节对不合格精液射精百分率的影响6.78.22.44.521.410.718.835.40510152025303540ABCDBoarfacilityEjaculatesdiscarded,%WinterSummer%motilityor%normalspermwaslessthan70%%活率或%正常精子少于70%冬季夏季种公猪舍不合格精液射精比例%March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea13Someboarsareheat-stressedat27.9C有些种公猪在27.9℃产生热应激•Coolscrotumwithwaterandairmovement用水和流动空气来冷却阴囊–Wetanddrycycle湿和干的循环•Startcoolingprocessat25.5C在25.5℃时开始冷却过程•Respirationrateisnotagoodindicatorofheat-stress呼吸率不是热应激的好指示指标March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea14Effectofincreasingairtemperature(1C/day)onrespirationrateof160kgboars气温升高(1℃/天)对160kg公猪呼吸频率的影响6070809010011013579111315171921232527DayAirtemperature,F020406080100120ResperationperminuteAirtemperature,FRespirations/min*******•Differentfrompre-treatment,P.05•每个处理之间显著不同*91.4°F(33C)Respirationsaresignificantlygreater天气温(华氏)每分钟的呼吸次数气温呼吸频率呼吸明显加快March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea15Effectofincreasingairtemperatureonscrotalsurfacetemperatureofboars气温对公猪阴囊表面温度的影响6070809010011013579111315171921232527DayAirtemperature,F8595Scrotaltemperatuer,FAirtemperature,FScrotaltemperature*******•Differentfrompre-treatment,P.05•每个处理之间显著不同****86°F(30C)Scrotaltemperatureis3.5Chigherthanwk1阴囊温度比一周前高3.5℃气温(华氏)气温阴囊温度阴囊温度(华氏)天March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea16Caution注意•Keepingthefloortoowetcauses:保持地板太湿将导致:–Bacterialcontaminationofsemen细菌污染精液–Softpadsonthefeetofboars过软的垫子对公猪蹄了的影响March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea17Doesthedurationofphotoperiodinfluencespermproduction?光照时间影响精子的产量吗?March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea18Influenceofphotoperiodandtemperatureonspermproduction光照时间和温度对精子产量的影响67.747.859.946.90102030405060708010hrs16hrsPhotoperiod,hrsSperm/ejaculate,billion15C35C**P.05*每次射精的精子数(十亿)光照时间(小时)March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea19Frequencyofejaculation射精频率•Balancebetweensemenvolumeandspermcellconcentration•精液的体积和精子的密度之间平衡–volumeofseminalfluidsimportantforextension–精清的体积对稀释是非常重要的–numberofviablespermimportantforfertility–活精子的数量对受精是非常重要的March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea20Frequencyofejaculation射精频率•Twocollectionsperweekisnearoptimumforboarstuds对公猪站公猪,每周2次采精较理想–MondayandThursday周一和周四–TuesdayandFriday周二和周五•Somestudsonlycollectonetimeperweek一些公猪站每周只进行一次采精March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea21Theeffectofintervalbetweencollectiononspermoutput采精间隔对精子产量的影响35425055636871737579820102030405060708090123456789101112IntervalBetweenCollection,Days2次采精间的间隔(天)SpermCells/collection(billion)每一次采精的精子总数(十亿)March20,2005USGrainsCouncilSeminarShanghaiArea22K