北京地区降水空间分布及城市效应分析-郑祚芳

．J．2014332522529doi10．7522/j．issn．1000-0534．2012．00193．201[e-mail]1000891971201020。1－9．12mm·10a－1234。1000-0534201402-0522-08P468．0+24Adoi10．7522/j．issn．1000-0534．2012．00193110。1－5。。、、。“”6。Changnon710Urbana25km2。Daniel8、。Jongetal9。、、10－13。。14－16、、。1718。。19197520043020、。22196120004014。、、。。1971201020。211971—201033220144高原气象PLATEAUMETEOＲOLOGYVol．33No．2April，201420。5、、、20701971201020222319712010、、。15401971201020ＲijＲjＲmDＲij=Ｒij－Ｒj/Ｒmi=12…20j=12…40。。MannKendall。3。197124．320101961．21a。197152．5%201086．0%0．83%。。199056．81×104m25．69×108kW·h－1。1990228.96×104m220105933．2×104m2。2010806．4×108kW·h－1。MannKendall。MannKendall23。1b99%19901bUFUB1990。19901990。41971201020547．5mm37°N45°N105°E122°E22402．9mm。400．77899%。。2a40。－9．12mm·10a－1－12．57mm·10a－1119712010aMannKendallbFig．1TheproportionofpopulationandurbanpopulationaandtheMannKendallteststatisticsofpopulationurbanizationratebinBeijingfrom1971to20103252219712010aMannKendallbFig．2TheprecipitationanomalyinBeijingandNorthChinaaandMannKendalltestdistributionofprecipitationseriesinBeijingbfrom1971to2010。199810。19712010MannKendall2bUFUB1997199795%。1210020002010207019711980。1。210020701Table1TheinterdecadalchangeofprecipitationinrepresentativestationinBeijingarea20708090210020702100/mm567．5579．9568．3447．8－119．7/mm587．6561．6595．4517．2－70．4/mm589．2561．1550．8500．0－89．2/mm620．3665．5630．5587．0－33．3/mm642．2647．8592．7536．3－105．9/mm653．0672．8672．0527．8－125．2/mm642．7569．9591．5542．8－99．9/mm647．0630．4644．3562．9－84．1、＞30mm＞120mm。55．1DＲijDＲij20。3。3—＞10%、－20%。—8%15“”。。19。42533319711990a19912010b%Fig．3ThelocalaveragedanomalouspercentageofprecipitationineachstationinBeijingareaduring19711990aand19912010b．Unit%。20。21“”。。3。。“”3a。3b、、。19。。3a。151722。、、、3b。5．233。＞300m、、、5、、、5、3。43。4401．177%·10a－14a1971199019912010。。1、、5252419712010abcFig．4TheinterannualchangeoflocalaveragedanomalouspercentageofprecipitationindifferentareainBeijingfrom1971to2010．aurbanareabthenortheastcthesouthern。。。440－2．193%·10a－1－3．3215%·10a－1。。。5．3。15。19。24CMOＲPH5%～15%20～70km。、。51991201019711990。5。122。。。686253351991201019711990%abcdFig．5ThedifferenceoflocalaveragedanomalouspercentageofprecipitationinBeijingbetween19912010and19711990．aspringbsummercautumndwinter．Unit%619712010abFig．6TheinterannualchangeofdifferentgradesprecipitationdaysaanditslocalaveragedanomalouspercentagebinBeijingurbanareafrom1971to20107252、。35911、、。。。5．466、、、5。640。6b。。6401971201020120。40－9．12mm·10a－1。2。—。3。。4。540。1．100J．20082751035－1045．2．50J．2005254448－454．3．100J．20113051399－1405．4．50J．20082761161－1167．5．J．20123161753－1760．6PalumboAMazzarellaA．ＲainfallstatisticalpropertiesinnaplesJ．MonWeaＲev1980108111011－1015．7ChangnonSA．PrecipitationchangesinsummercausedbySt．LouisJ．Science19792059402－404．8DanielＲ．SuppressionofrainandsnowbyurbanandindustriesairpollutionJ．Science2000287101793－1796．9JongJBYeonHKHyeYC．DryandmoistconvectionforcedbyanurbanheatislandJ．JApplMeteor2001401462－1475．10．J．20123141166－1172．11．30J．2012312380－386．12．J．2012313629－637．13．J．2012313638－645．14．J．2001564467－476．15．J．2007175632－638．16．J．200827543－48．17．J．2006493689－82533697．18．50aJ．2007276648－654．19．J．2007312311－320．20．、J．2008132124－132．21．J．20123651063－1076．22．J．2007124489－495．23．M．200763－67．24．CMOＲPHJ．20113141－10．AnalysisonSpatialDistributionofPrecipitationinBeijingandItsCityEffectZHENGZuofangGAOHuaWANGZaiwenLIQingchunInstituteofUrbanMeteorologyChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationBeijing100089ChinaAbstractBasedontheprecipitationdataat20stationsinBeijinganditsurbandevelopmentstatisticaldatadur-ing19712010thelargescaleinterannualchangetrendofprecipitationandcityeffectpropertiesoflocalpre-cipitationwerestudied．Theresultsshowthat1Alargescalechangecharacteristicsisfoundinannualprecip-itationinBeijingwithalineartrendrateof－9．12mm·10a－1andabreakpointin1997．2Beijingbe-havesadryislandduringlagphaseofurbanizationandtendstobearainislandduringrapiddevelopmentofur-banizationperiod．Urbanizationcannotonlyenhancerainislandeffectbutalsomakeacertaininfluenceonpre-cipitationofdownwindareas．3PrecipitationspatialdistributioninBeijingvariesindifferentseasonduetothecombinedinfluenceofprevailwindandheatislandcirculation．4Urbanizationcanalsoincreasethenumberoflocalstrongrainfalldays．KeywordsCityrainislandeffectInterannualchangePrecipitationBeijing9252