高中英语词性变化和词性转换

一、合成有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。如：合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。fire+man----firemangood+looking-----good-lookingany+time----anytime一、派生1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义反义词：un:healthy---unhealthyusual---unusualhappy---unhappydis:honest---dishonestappear---disappearlike---dislikecover---discoverim:possible---impossiblein:dependent----independent2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性（1）名词后缀：-er:manage—manager,own---owner,record---recorderreport---reporter,teach---teacher,wait---waiterwin----winner,work---worker,write---writer-or:visit---visitor,act---actor,invent---inventor-ress:wait---waitress,act---actress-(t)ion:invent—invention,pollute---pollution,attract—attraction,suggest---suggestioncollect---collection,locate---location,operate---operation,protect---protectionsolve---solution,add---addition2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性（1）名词后缀：-ation:invite---invitation,organize---organization-(s)ion:discuss---discussion,decide---decision-ment:develop---development,amuse-amusementadvertise---advertisement-ce:enter--entrance-ing:meet---meeting,paint---painting,say---sayingbegin---beginning,build---building2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性（2）名词+ist;er变成表示人的名词-ist:science--scientist,art—artist,tour—tourist-er:farm---farmer,engine---engineer,law---lawyer(3)形容词+ness,ty,ity,th,ce,dom变成名词-ness:kind—kindness,ill—illness;-ty:safe-safety,difficult-difficulty,honest-honesty-ity:electric—electricity,national—nationality,active—activity,able—ability-th:true—truth,long—length-ce:different—difference,important—importance-dom:free—freedom,wise—wisdom,(2)动词后缀：1.名词+ize变成动词：-ize:memory---memorize2.形容词+en变成动词：wide—widen(3).形容词后缀：1.名词+ed,ful,y,ly,ive,al,cal,en,(i)an变成形容词-ed:age—aged,wound—wounded-ful:power—powerful,care—careful,use—usefulsuccess—successful,wonder—wonderful-y:wind—windy,rain—rainy,cloud—cloudysnow—snowy,sun—sunny,luck—luckynoise—noisy,health—healthy,fun—funny,-ly:love—lovely,friend—friendly,-ive:act—active-al:education—educational,office—official,nation—national,nature—natural,person—personal,tradition—traditional,physical—physical-cal:history—historical,chemistry—chemical,medicine—medical-en:gold—golden,wood—wooden-(i)an:Australia—Australian,Canada—CanadianItaly—Italian,America—American(4)名词+less变成形容词，有相反的意思-less:home-homeless,care-careless,help—helplesslife—lifeless,use—useless;动词+ful,able,ive变成形容词：-ful:forget—forgetful,help—helpful,thank—thankful-able:avail—available,enjoy—enjoyable,change—changeable,-ive:attract—attractive动词+ed,ing变成形容词-ed:wound—wounded,fry—fried,please—pleased,surprise—surprised,interest—interested,excite—excited-ing:amuse—amusing,interest—interestingsurprise—surprising,excite--exciting(4)副词后缀：形容词+y,ly变副词-y:gentle—gently,possible—possibly-ly:accurate—accurately,angry—angrily,beautiful—beautifully,general—generally,clear—clearly,complete—completely,final—finallylucky—luckily,loud—loudly,main—mainly,quick—quickly,quiet—quietly,real—really,recent—recently,usual—usually,safe—safelyslow—slowly,serious—seriously,soft—softlywide—widely,true—truly,careful—carefully,happy—happily,heavy—heavily,immediate--immediately(5)基数词后缀：-teen:four—fourteen,five—fifteen,…-ty:three—thirty,eight—eighty,(6)序数词后缀：-th:five-fifth,six---sixth,nineteen—nineteenth,ninety-ninetieth,nine—ninth特别注意：one—first—firstly—oncetwo—second—secondly--twice