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小学英语语法汇总一、时态1.一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually通常,often常常,every…每…,sometimes有时,always总是,”等词。(2)基本结构:I/You/We/TheyHe/She/It肯定句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式否定句don’t+动原doesn’t+动原一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do…?Yes,Ido.Does…(动词原形)…?No,shedoesn’t.特殊疑问句Whatdo…?Howdoesshe…(动词原形)…?(3)动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)1一般情况+s如:walk-walks2.辅音字母+y结尾去y+iesfly-flies3.结尾是s,x,sh,ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does,have-has,go-goes2.现在进行时,(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在,look看,linsen听”.(2)基本形式:be+动词ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.Whatareyoudoing?Ishereading?(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)一般情况+ingwalk—walking结尾是不发音的e-e+ingcome—coming重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ingrun-runningswim-swimming3.一般过去时(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last…上一个…,justnow刚才,amomentago刚才,yesterday昨天”等词。(2)be动词的过去式:am/is—wasare—were(3)过去式基本结构肯定句(Positive)动词过去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句(Negative)Didn’t+动词原形Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did…+动词原形…?Didyougoshoppinglastnight?特殊疑问句(wh-)Whatdid…+动词原形…?Whatdidyoudolastnight?(4)词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+iedstudy—studied,cry-cried重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop–stoppedplan-planned不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/learntgetgotknowknew4.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow,nextSunday等时间状语连用。结构:begoingto+动词原形或will+动词原形例如:I’mgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.二、人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheris(注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。)三、可数名词的复数形式1.一般名词:+sabook–books2.辅音字母加y结尾:-y+iesastory—stories3.以s,x,sh,ch,结尾:+esaglass—glasses;awatch-watches4.以f或fe结尾:-f或fe变为vesaknife–knivesashelf-shelves5.特殊的名词复数man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread,rice,water,juice,milk,tea,coffee五、缩略形式I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis/hehas(got)it’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotdidn’t=didnotweren’t=werenotwasn’t=wasnotlet’s=letusI’ll=Iwill六、a.an.the的用法1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:abook,apeach,a“U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音:anegg,anhour,an“F”2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。七、介词1.表示方位:on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.,under2.表示时间:(1)at:几点前面用at如:atsixo’clock,没有day的节日前用at如:atChristmas,固定词组attheweekends,atnight(2)on:星期前用on如:onMonday,日期前用on如:onthe15thofJuly带有Day的节日前用on如:onNationalDay(3)in:早晨,中午,晚上前用in:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,月份前用in,如inDecember,季节前用in,如winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1.直接在基数词词尾加上th。如:seventh第七,tenth第十,thirteenth第十三,2.以y结尾的基数词,变y为i,再加上eth。如:twentieth第二十。3.不规则的。如:first第一,second第二,third第三,fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,twelfth第十二。4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first第二十一。九、some/any的用法1.肯定句中用some:Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.2.问句和否定句中用ang:Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Hehasn’tgotanypencilsinhispencil-case.3.询问想要什么时用some:Wouldyoulikesomejuice?CanIhavesomestamps?十、therebe结构1.肯定句(有…):Thereis+单数或不可数名词Thereare+复数注:遵循就近原则,看靠therebe最近的2.一般疑问句(有…吗?):Isthere…?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Arethere…?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.3.否定句(没有):Thereisn’t….Therearen’t….4.therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句SitdownpleaseDon’tsitdown,please.Let’sgotothepark.(注:祈使句中动词用原形)十二、(情态)动词can,may,must,should,will后面直接用动词原形。1.I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomein?Imustgonow.2.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.You’llbegoodfriends.十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。。2.形容词加er的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。3.不规则形容词比较级:good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther)十四、特殊疑问句What(问什么事,什么物或什么工作)Whatareyoudoing?I’mreading.Whatisthat?It’sabook.Whatisshe?(What’sherjob?)She’sanurse.Whatcolour(问颜色)Whatcolourisyourcoat?It’sred.Whattime(时间)Whattimeisit?What’sthetime?It’sseven.when(什么时候)Whendoyougetup?Igetupatsixthirty.Whenisyourbirthday?It’sonthe21stofDecember.Which(哪一个)Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Theyellowismine.Who(谁)Whoisthemanwithabignose?He’smyuncle.Whose(谁的)Whosebagisit?Whoseisthisbag?It’shisbag.Where(哪里)Whereismyballpen?It’sunderthebook.Why(为什么)Whydoyoulikesummer?Ilikesummerbecause…Howmany(多少)Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Therearefourbooksintheschoolbag.Howold(几岁)Howoldistheyoungman?He’snineteen.Howmuch(多少钱)Howmuchisthetoybear?It’selevenyuan.How(怎么样)Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?Igotoschoolbycar.一、名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化构成法例词A.在一般情况下,词尾加-sbook–booksbed--bedsB.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词,词尾加-esbus–busesbox--boxesdish–disheswatch--watchesC.以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe改成v,再加-esknife--kniveswife--wivesD.以o结尾的单词,有生命的物质加-es,无生命的物质加-stomato--tomatoesphoto--photosE.以辅音字母加y结尾,先y将改i,再加上-esfamily–
本文标题:小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳
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