高一语法：让步状语从句

让步状语从句AdverbialClausesTheAdverbial状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征的句子成分，叫做状语。常见的状语有：时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、目的状语、伴随状语等。状语从句Definition在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫做“状语从句”。原因状语条件状语目的状语地点状语比较状语结果状语时间状语让步状语方式状语状语从句的类别状语从句1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.让步状语从句6.目的状语从句7.结果状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句让步状语从句定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，表达一种退一步的条件。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：though和although（虽然，纵然）;while;as（虽然...但是...）;evenif和eventhough（即使…纵使…）;whether...(or...)(无论是否或不管是…还是…);nomatter+疑问词（不管…都…）;疑问词wh-ever等。让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。让步状语从句的常考点与重难点重点难点常考点although/while/evenif/wh-ever/as/whether等引导的让步状语从句状语从句的时态、语序（倒装）、省略、虚拟语气等从属连词的含义及用法比较让步状语从句though,although,evenif,eventhoughas(引导的让步状语从句必须倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatterwh-=wh-ever(如whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever等),whether...(or...)从句常用引导词特殊引导词让步状语从句的引导词——从属连词although/thoughAlthough/Thoughhewasold,heworkedhard.=Hewasoldbutheworkedhard.注意一个典型的中式英语错误：although/though切不可与but连用！但可用yet,still。改错：Althoughitrainedheavily,buttheystillwentout.让步状语从句与并列句的区别即学即练：1.Thoughheisinhissixties,______heworksashardasayoungmanA.yetB.butC.andD.andyet2.Excusemeforbreakingin,______Ihavesomenewsforyou.A.soB.andC.butD.yetAC题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词and/or/but/so等。yet是副词，只有yet可以与though连用。题2为并列句，而“Excuse…,but…”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。evenif和eventhough•eventhough(=evenif)引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；•Mostofusignoretheadvice,evenif/eventhoughweknowitistrue.•evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句有时用虚拟语气，如：Evenif/thoughyouhadn'thelpedme,Iwillthankyou.asif/asthough是什么用法？•as引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序：要把表语、状语或动词原形提前到句首。•1）表语的倒装（如果表语是名词，要省略冠词）：•Richasheis,Idon’tenvyhim.•Childasheis,heknowsalot.as•2）谓语的倒装（动词原形前置到句首）：•Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberaword.•Searchastheymay,theycanfindnothingintheroom.•3）状语的倒装（不可在状语之前加very等修饰语）：•MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.•HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwithhim.whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever•由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中的主语或宾语，如：•Whoever(=Nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.•Whomever(=Nomatterwhom)youaredealingwith,thismethodisnogood.•Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.•Wehavenoobjection,whichever(=nomatterwhich)youchoose.whatever或whichever•由连接形容词whatever或whichever引导的让步状语从句，引导词后常有名词出现，如：•Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what修饰名词difficulties。)•Whichever(=Nomatterwhich)methodyouuse,theresultismuchthesame.however,wherever或whenever•由连接副词however,wherever或whenever引导的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中的状语，如：•However(=Nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.•(however既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词how修饰difficult。)•Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)theywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.•Whenever(=Nomatterwhen)I’munhappy,hecheersmeup.•Thedogfollowsmewherever(=nomatterwhere)Igo.即学即练：1.Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_____difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.although2.Theoldtowermustbesaved,______thecost.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever3.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose_____youlike.A.nomatterwhichB.whicheverC.nomatterwhatD.whatevernomatterwh-与wh-ever的联系及区别：nomatterwh-引导让步状语从句时与wh-ever通用。Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshouldbewelcomed.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，nomatterwh-不能。如：Whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome.whether…(or…)•whether…(or…)引导的让步状语从句：△这种让步状语从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前、之后或切割主句，如：•Whetherhedrivesor(whetherhe)flies,hewillbehereontime.•Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.•Whetherornotitrains,I’mgoingtomorrow.•Weholdthatallcountries,(whethertheyare)bigorsmall,(whethertheyare)richorpoor,shouldbeequal.while•while引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首（主句前），如：•Whileyoumayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.•WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.即学即练：1、_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.UnlessAwhile是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。让步状语从句的时态问题特别关注：1.Althoughnobody______mecompany,Iwillgotherealone.A.keepingB.haskeptC.keepsD.willkeepC在让步状语从句（以及时间、条件状语从句）中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，即“主将从现”。Theparentswillwaitforhimfordinner,although/thoughhecomesbacklate.Nomatterhow/Howeverlatehecomesback,theparentswillwaitforhimfordinner.Whilehecomesbacklate,theparentswillwaitforhimfordinner.Lateas/thoughhecomesback,theparentswillwaitforhimfordinner.让步状语从句的语序问题注意：1.although/evenif/eventhough引导让步状语从句时不倒装；2.as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装；3.though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装；4.while引导让步状语从句常在句首（在主句前）；5.however/nomatterhow引导让步状语从句时后常接形容词或副词；6.whatever/whichever以及nomatterwhat/which引导让步状语从句时后常接名词；涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装一、(表语)名词+as/though+主语+动词.Childasheis,heknowstohelpother.Teacherthoughheis,hecan’tknoweverything.【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。二、(表语)形容词+as/though+主语+动词Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。三、（状语）副词+as/though+主语+动词MuchasIlikeParis,Icouldn’tlivethere.Hardthoughtheytried,theycouldn’tmakeherchangehermind.四、动词原形+as/though+主语+动词Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Searchastheywould,theywouldfindnobodyinthehouse.【说明】主语后的动词通常为may,might,would,did等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did,do等助动词