高一英语(牛津译林版)定语从句

文采资料第1页共10页定语从句一、基本概念1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the，但在指“一个”概念时可用a,an。3．关系代词/关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why二、基本用法1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：关系代词从句中作用例句who指人作主语宾语（可省略）1．Thisisthegirlwho/thatteachesusEnglish.(who/that指人，修饰先行词thegirl，在从句中作主语)2．Heistheboywhom/who/thatImetyesterday.(whom/who/that指人，修饰先行词theboy在从句中作宾语，whom/who/that可省略。)whom指人作宾语（可省略）whose指人、物作定语3．Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisanengineer.（whose作定语，用来修饰人）4．Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.（whose作定语，用来修饰物，whosewindows=thewindowsofwhich或ofwhichthewindows）which指物作主语宾语（可省略）6．Thisisthebookwhich/thatIlostyesterday.(which/that指物，作宾语，可省略)7．Theclockisaninstrumentwhich/thatcantelltime.（which/that指物，作主语）8．Doyouknowthewomanthat/wholivesnextdoor?(that/who指人，作主语)that指人、物作主语宾语（可省略）as指物作主语、宾语可修饰整个主句9．ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.(as指物，在从句中作宾语)10．Asweallknow,TaiwanispartofChina.(as指代整个主句的内容)文采资料第2页共10页2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：a.在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。1.先行词是不定代词时，如:all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,few,much。1.Itoldhimall(that)Iknow.2.Hegavehereverything(that)hehad.2.先行词被all,every,any,thevery,theonly,thejust等修饰时。1.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2.Youcantakeanybook(that)youlike.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。1.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.2.Thesecondplace(that)IwanttovisitisShanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。1.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)werememberintheschool.2.Thepeopleandtheanimalsthatwerekilledintheearthquakehaveallbeenfound.5.在Who,Which引起的疑问句中。1.Whoistheboythathelpedyou?2.Whichisthebook(that)youboughtyesterday?6.若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。Heboughtabookwhichcouldgivehimknowledgeandthatcouldhelptokillthetime.7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.b.在以下几种情况下只使用which不用that。1.引导非限制性定语从句时。Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.(which作宾语，指代主句中的pen)NewconceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntoallofus.(which作主语，指代整个主句)2.若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。Thebook(that)heboughtyesterdaywastheone(which)helikedbest.3.先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who不用that。1.先行词为all,anyone,one/ones,those,people时，须用who。1.Anyonewhoknowshowtodoitcandoitnow.2.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmpleaseputupyourhands.3.He,whodoesnotreachtheGreatWall,isnotatrueman.2.在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.3.在被分隔的定语从句中，须用who。AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.4.在以therebe开头的句子中，多用who。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.5.若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatstudiesveryhard.文采资料第3页共10页d.as和which的使用场合。aswhich引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首或句中不能放在句首修饰“积极的”方面修饰“消极的”方面在句中含义意为“正如”、“就像”无此意常用的搭配常和such，so，thesame等连用无此用法“～+be+过去分词”结构“be”可以省略“be”不能省略表示状态的动词asissaidabove,asalreadymentionedaboveasisoftenthecaseasitisasisknowntoall无此用法都能引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子的内容如：Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.比较：Hestudiesveryhard,as/whichweallknow.I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.Hewaslate,whichmadetheteacherangry.Thebridgeisreallywonderful,as(is)showninthepicture.Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis.e.thesame…as…和thesame…that…的不同。ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.这本书和我昨天借给你的相似。（相似物）ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.这正是我昨天借给你的那本书。（同一物）【小试牛刀】I．用关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose,as填空。1.Theearthquake________shookthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople__________losttheirhomesintheearthquake.3.Thehouse___________theybuiltin1937isstillinverygoodcondition.4.Thehouse__________isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninanearthquake.5.Theboy___________fatherisateacherisveryclever.6.Aclockisamachine____________tellspeoplethetime.7.Ourvillageisnolongertheone__________itusedtobe.8.Thehouse__________heislookingforisveryexpensive.9.Doyouknowtheman__________housesareallbroken?10.________isknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceverymonth.【答案】1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which/不填4.that/which5.whose6.that/which7.that/不填8.that/which/不填9.whose10.As文采资料第4页共10页II．把下面各组句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。1.Thegirlisnothere.Sheisgoingtosingasong.2.Theschoolisabigone.Theschoolstandsneartheriver.3.Thegirlworksveryhard.Herfatherisadoctor.4.Myuncleboughtthebikelastweek.Thebikehasbeenstolen.5．Thepenisveryold.Ilentittoyouthismorning.III．翻译下面句子1．刚才作演讲的那个教授已经走了。____________________________________________________________2．你认识那个母亲是老师的女孩吗?______________________________________________________________3．鸟是一种能飞的动物。______________________________________________________________4．我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。______________________________________________________________5．门朝北开的那间房子已经被卖了。______________________________________________________________【答案】1.Theprofessorthat/whomadethespeechjustnowhasleft.2.Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher?3.Abirdisananimalwhich/thatcanfly.4.Thepen(that/which)Iboughtlastweekisverycheap.5.Theroomwhosedoorfacesnorth