2016四六级写作和翻译讲座

四级写作写作评分原则CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。CET作文题采用总体评分（GlobalScoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（RewardScore），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应该表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。作文评分标准本题满分为15分阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为所阅文章与某一分数相似，即定为该分数；若认为所阅文章稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分或减一分。但不得加或减半分。评分标准2分–条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误5分–基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分–基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分–切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分–切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，但有个别小错。（注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分）写作步骤审题写作检查审题注意审题一定要仔细，按要求写作，不得擅自改动题目，给定的提纲不得有遗漏，否则会按比例扣分。构思分段、关键词或主题句图片作文第一段，描述图画反应的内容。第二段，阐明观点。末段，总结观点，提出建议。写作策略clearcompletecorrectcoherentconcise字迹清楚，段落明朗内容完整，紧扣提纲首保正确，再求闪光先总后分，连词用上语言简练，论据得当检查标点、语法、拼写错误不要作内容上的大的改动注意卷面整洁CET4WritingWritingEffectiveSentencesWrong(orNon-standard)Sentences•Rosesarered,micearegray.•Iliketeaching.Becausemystudentsaresmart.•Thepricedropped10%andisonsale.•Mollywasarichwidow,agoodpublicspeaker,andgavegenerouslytocharity.•Hesaidtohisfatherhewaswrong.•Shewastoldthefactthathersonhadwonthefirstprize.BasicSentenceFaultsⅠRun-onSentence•E.g.Thegirlmadethefire,theboycookedthefood.•Thegirlmadethefire.Theboycookedthefood.•Thegirlmadethefire;theboycookedthefood.•Thegirlmadethefireandtheboycookedthefood.•Afterthegirlmadethefire,theboycookedthefood.ⅡSentenceFragment•Ilikereadingverymuch.Becausereadingcanenrichmyknowledge.•Ilikereadingverymuchbecausereadingcanenrichmyknowledge.•Franklikestogettoworkearly.Andspreadpapersalloverhisdesk.•Franklikestogettoworkearlyandspreadpapersalloverhisdesk.ⅢAmbiguousSentence•Myhomeisnearertoourschoolthanyours.•Myhomeisnearertoourschoolthanyoursis.•Myhomeisnearertoourschoolthanitistoyours.Craftsmencametostudytheancientdesignfromallovertheworld.•Craftsmenfromallovertheworldcametostudytheancientdesign.•Inthearticleitpointsoutthattheairpollutionofthiscityisserious.•Thisarticlepointsoutthattheairpollutionofthiscityisserious.•Itispointedoutinthearticlethattheairpollutionofthiscityisserious.ⅣRedundantSentence(Wordiness)•Towritesimplyisasdifficultastobegood.─W.SomerestMaughamEveryseatinthehousewasfilledtocapacity.Everyseatwastaken./Thehousewasfull.Forallintentsandpurposes,thereasonMr.Hendersonarrivedlateforworkwasduetothefactthathestoppedatverymanytrafficlightsthatwereredincolour.(31words)Mr.Hendersonarrivedlateforworkbecausehestoppedatmanyredlights.(13words)WordytoSingle•WordyForm•atthepresenttime•intheeventthat•inthenearfuture•duetothefactthat•forthereasonthat•inthisdayandage•ineveryinstance•duringthetimethat•returnback•…•ShortForm•now•if•soon•because•because•today•always•while•Return•…ⅤDanglingModifier•Havingstudiedhard,theexaminationwaspassedsuccessfully.•Havingstudiedhard,hepassedtheexaminationsuccessfully.•Tryingdesperatelytofinishanessay,myroom-mate’sstereomadeitimpossibletoconcentrate.•Tryingdesperatelytofinishanessay,Ifounditimpossibletoconcentratebecauseofmyroom-mate’sstereo.ⅥErrorsinParallelism•Thegame-showcontestantwastoldtobecheerful,charming,andwithenthusiasm.•Thedictionarycanbeusedforthesepurposes:tofindwordmeanings,pronunciations,correctspellings,andlookingupirregularverbs.•Thesalesmanexpectedthathewouldpresenthisproductatthemeeting,thattherewouldbetimeforhimtoshowhisslidepresentation,andthatquestionswouldbeaskedbyprospectivebuyers.enthusiasticprospectivebuyerswouldaskhimquestionsWritingEffectiveSentences•Consistency•Conciseness•Variety•EmphasisⅠHaveaConsistentPointofView•ConsistencywithVerbs•E.g.Jeanpuncheddowntherisenyeastdoughinthebowl.Thenshedumpsitontotheflouredworktableandkneadeditintoasmooth,shinyball.•Punched—dumped—kneaded•Punches—dumps—kneads•ConsistencywithPronouns•E.g.Oneofthefringebenefitsofmyjobisthatyoucanuseacompanycreditcardforgasoline.•Thoughwelikemostofourneighbors,thereareafewyoucan’tgetalongwith.IweⅡUseSpecificWords•1.Useexactnames.•Hesoldhiscamper.•LukesoldhisWinnebago.•2.Uselivelyverbs.•Theflagmovedinthebreeze.•Theflagflutteredinthebreeze.•3.Usedescriptivewords(modifiers)beforenouns.•Amanstrainedtoliftthecrate.•Aheavyset,perspiringmanstrainedtolifttheheavy,woodencrate.ⅢVaryYourSentences•SimplesentenceWewenttothemovieslastnight.•Compound(double)sentenceItrainedyesterdayafternoon,yetwehadourpicnic.•ComplexsentenceThefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.•Compound-complexsentenceAlthoughplayedbypeoplethroughouttheyear,footballisanautumnsport,andbaseballisaspringsport.VarySentenceBeginnings•-edword•e.g.Concernedabouthisson’sfever,Paulcalledadoctor.•-ingword•e.g.Hummingsoftly,thewomanbrowsedthroughtherackofthedresses.•-lyword•e.g.Hesitantly,Sueapproachedtheinstructor’sdesk.•towordgroup•e.g.Toprotectherhair,Evausesthelowestsettingonherblowdryer.•Prepositionalphrase•e.g.Duringtheexam,dropsofwaterfellfromtheceiling.全国大学英语四、六级考试作文题评分原则及标准•一、评分原则1．CET检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2．CET作文题采用总体评分(GlobalScoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(AwardScores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3．从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否