Intonation

EnglishIntonationUnit13-15Overview•Review•TypesofIntonation•IntonationUnits•FunctionsofEnglishIntonation•UsesofEnglishIntonationAbouttheFinalExamination•FinalExam(100%)=WrittenTest(20%)+OralTest(80%)•WrittenTest(20%)=Blank-filling(5%)+Listening(15%)•OralTest(80%Readingaloud)=Words(20%)+Sentences(20%)+Passage(20%)+Talk(20%)CheckYourKnowledge•Thereare____phonemesinEnglish.•Amongthephonemes,____arevowelsand_____consonants.•A________isawordpartandthebasicunitofEnglishrhythm.•Ofthevowels,12are_____________and8are___________.442024purevowelsdiphthongssyllableCheckYourKnowledge•Accordingtothelength,purevowelscanbe_______or_______.•Accordingtotheshapeofthemouth,purevowelscanbe__________or____________.•AConsonantmayeitherbe_______or__________dependingonwhetherthereisavibrationfromthelarynx.roundedunroundedlongshortvoicedvoicelessCheckYourKnowledge•Englishhasthreedegreesofstress:primary,secondaryand_______stresses.•RhythminEnglishspeechisbasedon_______.•ManyfunctionwordsinEnglishhavetwopronunciations:a____________anda____________,whichisespeciallyimportantforlinkinginspeech.stresszerostrongformweakformCheckYourKnowledge•AnyEnglishvowellettercanbepronouncedwiththeschwa/ə/,whichmeansareducedor____________syllable.•Arhythmunitisformedbya__________syllable,togetherwith____________syllableswhichmaycomebeforethatstressand/orafterit.unstressedstressedunstressedCheckYourKnowledge•Therhythmofalanguageischaracterizedbythe________patternofsuccessivesyllables.•IntherhythmicpatternofanEnglishsentencethestressedsyllablesfolloweachotheratroughly________intervalsoftime.ItisinthissensethatEnglishisa“________-timed”language.equalstresstimingCheckYourKnowledge•AsanimportantelementofspokenEnglish,intonationreferstothetotalpatternof______音高changeswithinanutterance.•Englishcanbespokencorrectlyandnaturallywiththefollowingthreepatterns:falling,risingand______________.pitchfalling-risingPage146WrittenTest(Listening)1.Sounddiscrimination(pa.198)3.SoundsforInformation(pa.199)4.Listeningcomprehension(pa.200)Whatisintonation?•Wecallthemelodyoflanguageintonation.•Intonationreferstothetotalpatternofpitchchanges.•IntonationisanotherimportantelementofspokenEnglish.Intonation:Why?•Itshowstherelationshipofwordswithinandbetweensentences•IttellssomethingaboutthefeelingofthespeakerReally.Really?Really?ImportanceofIntonation•Tonevs.intonation–Tonesarethewayourvoicemovesupanddown.声调–Thewayweusethesetonesiscalledintonation.语调(themelodyoflanguage)•Intonationreferstothetotalpatternofpitchchanges•ItistheEnglishintonationthatmakesEnglishsoundreallyEnglish.TypeofEnglishIntonation•FallingtoneJamaicfallingaicrisingJamaafalling-risingJamaica•Risingtone•Fall-risetone•Complete•Definite•Incomplete•Uncertain•Question•Hesitant•Doubt•ContrastWhendoweusefallingtone?•Statements:e.g.It’smine.•Commands:e.g.Comehere.•Wh-questions:e.g.Whatisit?•Exclamations:e.g.Howbeautifulitis!•Stressedwords:e.g.SheISsad.FallingIntonation•Swimmingismyfavoritesport.•Whatdidyoufindthere?•Tellmeallaboutit.•Haveyougotthetickets?(impatient)•Hownice!Whendoweuserisingtone?•Generalquestions:e.g.Isthistrue?•Requests:e.g.CanIhelpyou?•Remarksofconcern&apology:e.g.AreyouOK?•Statementswithanimplication:e.g.Shedidthat?•Greetings(onparting):e.g.Seeyoulater.RisingIntonation•ShallItellhimtocomeandseeyou?•Youlikehim?•Whathaveyougotthere?(亲切热情)•Rightyouare.(轻快，活泼，鼓励)•Sheboughtred,yellow,andgreenrugs.(paralleledstructure)Whendoweusefall-risetone?•Incompleteorimpliedstatements:e.g.He’sreallyhardworking.•Questionswithspecialmeaningoremotion:e.g.He’sgoingtostayforanotherweek.•Warningorurgentrequest:e.g.Youmustbemorecareful.Falling-risingIntonation•It’sveryefficient.(butnotbeautiful)•Mary,whereareyou?(warmaddress)•She’sveryyoung.(Idon’tthinkso.)•I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.•Nowlistencarefully.•Really?(unbelievable)•Don’tmakeanoise.ListeningExercises(pa.147)•Listening—FallingIntonation•Listening—RisingIntonation•Listening—Fall-riseIntonation英语语调的阶梯形下降趋势•school↘•gotoschool–·↘•Tomhasstartedschool.ˉ·–·↘•Mrs.Smithdrovehersontoschool.ˉ·––·–.↘Tipsforpronunciation•注意重读音节后面有非重读音节和没有非重读音节的区别：•↘quickbetbakestopplease•ˉ·quickerbetterbakerstoppingpleasure•·↘successaboutmachine•·ˉ·discussionSeptemberimportant•··↘afternoonmagazineasaresult•ˉ··beautifulfamilylookatitTipsforpronunciation•句首非重读音节语调应低平，低于第一个重读音节。•Ican'hardlywait.•Thereisa'bookonthedesk.•Therearesome'boysontheplayground.•Heis'writinghisthesis.•You’dbetter'lethimgo.•Youshouldhavebeen'morecareful.Tipsforpronunciation•句中的非重读音节在前一个重读音节的音频上读平调。·ˉ··ˉ·ˉ·ˉ··↘•We'plantobeginassoonaspossible.•I'thinkitwasagoodidea.•'HowdoIknowhehasbeensosick?•I'wonderifhewilleverforgiveme.Tipsforpronunciation•升调要在元音上升，避免在词尾加/ə/音•↗childlikebedpleasehand•_·childrenlecturebottlepleasurehandle•.↗successadvicemachinemedicine•_．·satisfiedbeautifulinterestingChineseTipsforpronunciation•用升调时重读音节不必滑动，而非重读音节一次上升。•用降调时则在重读音节自然滑落下降后，用低平语调读出。•It’snottheoneIborrowedfromyou.•Isitthebookyouborrowedfromhim?•I’mnotafraidofhim.•Areyouafraidofher?IntonationUnitsofEnglish•Intonationunitsarealsocalledintonationgroups,to