Unit-1-The-Complexity-of-Language

OnwardsandUpwardsTheEconomistUnit1TheNatureofLanguageOnwardsandUpwardsTheEconomistTextATheComplexityofLanguageReflectionLanguageenhancementCriticalReadingPreparatoryworkTheComplexityoflanguageUnit1Think大学思辨英语教程Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWBTRPreparatoryworkTheComplexityoflanguageUnit1Think大学思辨英语教程PCLR•1.Howmanylanguagesarethereintheworld?PreparatoryworkQuestions/Activities2.Whatislanguage?3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenwrittenlanguageandspokenlanguage?4.Whatisthepurposeofthelanguagecomplexity?PreparatoryworkQuestions/Activities•PleasetranslatethefollowingintoEnglishCheck-onPreview十几个音序网页点击数使…被理解使…区分开工艺美术Toget…acrossSoundsequenceSetaparthitsAdozenorsoartsandcraftsPreparatoryworkObjectivesThisunitisdesignedtohelpstudentsdeveloptheirreadingskills,communicativecompetence,criticalthinking,interculturalreflectionandabilitiesofautonomouslearninginthefollowingaspects.Readingskills:---Scanformainideas---Identifytopicsentences---IdentifysupportingdetailsCommunicativecompetence:---Illustrateyourpointswithappropriateexamples---Usetopicsentencesandsupportingsentencestoorganizeyourpresentation/essay---BeawareofdifferentstylesincommunicationPreparatoryworkObjectivesCriticalthinking:---MakeinferencesandInterpretationsbasedonlinguisticfacts---Assessthecredibilityofstatements---NoteandreflectonsignificantsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentwolanguagesInterculturalcompetence:---Identifyandarticulatesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweendifferentlanguagesandcultures---Beawareofthelinksbetweenculturaldifferencesandlanguagedifferences---DevaluediscriminationsagainstalanguageorculturePreparatoryworkCriticalreadingEvaluationandexplorationUnderstandingthetextTheComplexityoflanguageUnit1Think大学思辨英语教程CriticalreadingUnderstandingthetextI1Introduction1IntroductionII2Thecomplexityoflanguage2Thecomplexityofwrittenlanguage3Thecomplexityofspokenlanguage3Thepurposeofbeingcomplex4Whyislanguagecomplex?4Originalityoflanguage5Originality:Makingnewsentences6Originality:Creatingnewwordswith“un-”III5Languageandbodylanguage7“Language”andotherwaysofcommunication8Themetaphoricaluseoftheword“language”CriticalreadingUnderstandingthetext9Threedifferencesbetweenlanguageandbodylanguage10Differencebetweenlanguageandfacialexpressions:grammaticalrules6Bodylanguage:gesturesandtouching11Atransition:fromfacialexpressiontogesturesandtouching12Gesturesandsignlanguage13TouchingandHelenKeller’s“language”IV7Conclusion14Someotherusesof“language”15FundamentaldifferencesbetweenlanguageproperandotherformsoflanguageCriticalreadingUnderstandingthetextParaphrasingthefollowingsentences:Para7:S1Para8:S3Para10:S1Para14:S2CriticalreadingUnderstandingthetext(1)(para.7)S1Becauseoftheexistenceofmorphologicalandsyntacticrules,languageenablestocreatenewwordsandsentencesmakinguseofavailablematerials.Thisisnotpossiblewithotherwaysthatweusetocommunicate,suchastheuseoffacialexpressionsorbodilygestures.(2)(para.8)S3Wehavetobecautiousabouttheuseof“language”becauseitisoftenusedfiguratively,referringtoanymeansofcommunication(bodylanguage)oreventhebasisofmutualunderstanding(speakingthesamelanguage).CriticalreadingUnderstandingthetext(3)Para.10：Facialexpressionsaredifferentfromreallanguageinthattherearenogrammaticalrulessuchaswordordertohelpusexpressdifferentmeaningswhenwecommunicatewithfacialexpressions.(4))（Para.14）S2“Artsandcrafts”arealsomeansofcommunication.IfIhavetheability,Icanexpressmythoughtsandfeelingsinpainting,drawing,sculpture,danceandmusic.InterpretinglinguisticfactsEvaluationandexplorationCriticalreading(1).Sound-sequencessuchas‘up’,‘shoe’,and‘spots’arepossiblewaysoftalkinginEnglish,but‘ngop’,‘shmfi’,and‘doprns’aren’t.Question:WhatdoesthistellusaboutphoneticrulesingeneralandEnglishphoneticrulesinparticular?Answer:Foranylanguage,therearecertainphoneticrulesthatdeterminewhichsoundsareallowedordisallowedineachpartofthesyllable.InterpretinglinguisticfactsEvaluationandexplorationCriticalreadingEnglishallowsverycomplicatedsyllables;syllablesmaybeginwithuptothreeconsonants(asinstringorsplash),andoccasionallyendwithasmanyasfour(asinprompts).InitialconsonantclustersinEnglishalwaysbeginwitha/s/,followedbyoneofthevoicelessstops(/p/,/t/,/k/)andaliquidorglide(/l/,/r/,/w/).InfactthereareonlyfiveinitialconsonantclustersinEnglish:/spl-/,/spr-/,/str-/,/skr-/,/skw-/).(GeorgeYule,TheStudyofLanguage,4thed.CambridgeUniv.Press,2010)InterpretinglinguisticfactsEvaluationandexplorationCriticalreading(2)Whilepeoplearetalking,they’realsolookingateachother,andwecanseethattheexpressionsontheirfacesaddagreatdealtowhatthey’resaying.Question:Whatdoesthistellusaboutthevisualaspect(akindofparalinguisticfeature)oflinguisticcommunication?Answer:Communicationisnotcompletedmerelyintheexchangesofwords,especiallyinface-to-facetalk.Communicationisprototypicallymulti-modal.Paralinguisticfeaturesaddtoorevenconverttheliteralmeaningofwhatpeoplesay..InterpretinglinguisticfactsEvaluationandexplorationCriticalreading(3)Youmightnotknowaprepositionfromanadverb,orthedifferencebetweenthepassivevoiceandtheindicative,norw