新概念英语第二册笔记-第51课

1Lesson51RewardforVirtue对美德的奖赏WhydidHugh'sdietnotwork?Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!参考译文我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近来情况变得越发糟糕，以致他决定节食。他是一星期前开始节食的。首先，他开列了一张长长的单子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去看望了他。我按响了门铃，当看到休仍和往常一样胖时，我并不感到惊奇。他把我领进屋，慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面。显然他感到很尴尬。当我问他正干什么时，他内疚地笑了，然后把那个大包拿到了桌上。他解释说，他的饮食控制得太严格了，以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下。接着他给我看了包里的东西。里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语一．单词讲解：★rewardn.报偿同义词compensate,pay,,award反义词punish,punishmentrewardedrewardedrewardingn.报酬、奖赏、酬谢、赏金eg：Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章eg：A10-millionrewardhasbeenofferedforthecaptureofBinLaden.悬赏一千万美元捉拿本拉登。rewardn.报偿virtuen.美德dietn.节食forbidv.禁止－forbade－forbiddenhurriedlyadv.匆忙地embarrassv.使尴尬guiltilyadv.内疚地strictadj.严格的rewardv.给奖赏occasionallyadv.偶尔地2eg：Heworkedhardwithout（any）hopeofreward.他辛勤工作,但却不期待得到报酬。v.给予报酬，酬谢，报答eg：Isthishowyourewardmeformyhelp？你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗?eg：Youwillbefullyrewardedwithallyourefforts.你所有的努力都将得到充分的回报。eg：Iwillrewardyoulater.以后我会报答你。rewardingadj.报酬的,有益的,值得的arewardingexperience一次富有价值的经历★virtuen.美德同义词goodness,righteousness,morality复数virtues（1）美德、善、清高（反意词：vice恶行，缺德行为）amanofvirtue有德之人eg：Honestyisavirtue.诚实是一种美德。leadalifeofvirtue过高尚的生活eg：Virtueisitsownreward.(谚)做好事即乐在其中.eg：Allofthevirtuesgethere.全聚德（2）优点、长处eg：Thebigclasshasthevirtueofmakingmorefriends.大量的美德使能交更多的朋友。eg：Myroomhasvirtueofbeingwarmeveninwinter.我的房间有个好处即使是冬天也很温暖。Virtualadj.['və:tjuəl]实质的,实际上的eg：Ourdeputymanageristhevirtualheadofthebusiness.我们的副经理是公司的实际负责人.★dietn.节食同义词foodanddrink,food,foodstuffs,victuals复数dietsdieteddieteddieting（1）节食goonadiet＝beonadiet实行节食loseweight减重←→putonweight＝gainweight增胖（2）（日常的）饮食abalanceddiet均衡的饮食；dietsheet（病人的）规定食谱★forbidv.禁止,不许[O1][O2][+v-ing...同义词prohibit,disallow,bar,ban反义词permit,allowforbid－forbade－forbidden－forbiddingforbid+n./doingeg：Whocanforbidourmarriage？谁可以禁止我们的婚姻？eg：Smokingisforbiddeninthisbuilding.在这幢楼里吸烟是被禁止。forbidsb禁止某人…..3eg：Ifyouwanttogo,Ican’tforbidyou.如果你想去，我不能阻止你。eg：Hedidn’tlikehisdaughter’sboyfriend,andforbadehimintothehouse.他不喜欢他女儿的男朋友，并禁止他进了屋。forbidsbtodo…….禁止某人做某事eg：Myfatherforbademetowatchtelevision.我的父亲就禁止我看电视。eg：Itisforbiddentosmokeinthisroom.（NoSmoking）在这个房间禁止吸烟。forbiddenadj.（被）禁止的forbiddenfruit禁果;非法的欢愉forbiddenground禁区、必须避免的问题、犯忌讳的问题theForbiddenCity故宫,紫禁城eg：Godforbidthatweshouldhaveclasstomorrow.上帝保佑，我们明天不用上课。★hurriedlyadv.匆忙地、草率地hurriedadj.仓促的,慌忙的；ahurriedtrip匆忙之旅ahurriedmeal匆忙吃了顿饭hurriedlyadv.['hʌridli]匆忙地；speakhurriedly匆促地讲hurryv.匆忙,催促,赶紧eg：Don’thurry.不要急。eg：Hurryup.快点eg：Withthis,thewomanhurriedaway/off.说完了，该女子匆匆离去。eg：Hehurriedhome.他匆匆赶回家。eg：Hehurriedtoschool.他急忙赶到学校。hurryto+地点：匆忙赶到某地eg：Hehurriedbacktohisoffice.他急忙赶回他的办公室。eg：Theyhurriedintothecar.他们急忙上车。★embarrassv.使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安[H][(...同义词disconcert,discomfit,abash,confound变化形动变embarrassedembarrassedembarrassingembarrasssb使某人难堪eg：Yoursharpwordsembarrassedhimalot.你尖酸的话令他很难堪。eg：Areyoutryingtoembarrassme？你想要我难堪？eg：Don’tembarrassthembyasking/withpersonalquestions.不要问他们令人难堪的个人问题。eg：Shewasembarrassedbyhisloudlaughter.他的大笑令她感到尴尬。embarrassingadj.令人困惑的、难堪、尴尬的embarrassedadj.感到困惑的、难堪、尴尬的eg：Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.显然他感到很窘。4financiallyembarrassed＝shortofmoney囊中羞涩、经济受窘embarrassment[imˈbærəsmənt]n.窘迫；困惑；为难anembarrassmentofriches好东西太多而难以选择东西多得令人为难；财富多得成了累赘blushinembarrassment因难为情而脸红区别：embassy[ˈembəsi]n.大馆；大使馆全体成员★guiltilyadv.内疚地（1）责任、罪行、罪状eg：Guiltwaswrittenalloverherface.她的罪过都写在脸上了；她在脸上写满了内疚。establishthesuspect’sguilt证实嫌疑犯有罪eg：Hedeniedhisguilt.他否认自己有罪。eg：Heconfessedhisguilt.他承认自己有罪。（2）不安、内疚feelingofguilt内疚感、罪悪感｛ざいあくかん｝、罪の意识｛いしき｝guilty['gilti]adj.有罪的,内疚的guiltless（innocent,clear）['giltlis]adj.不熟悉...的,无罪的eg：Ifeelguiltyaboutcuttingclasses.旷课我感到内疚。eg：IfeelguiltybecauseIhavenomoneytolendyou.因为我没有钱借给你感到内疚。eg：Notguilty.裁决某人[无罪].eg：Theboyswereguiltyoftheft.男孩子们犯了盗窃罪。guiltilyadv.eg：Shesmiledguiltilyasshesawme.当她看见我时她尴尬地笑。★strictadj.严格的、严厉的[(+with)]同义词harsh,exact,precise,rigorous反义词lenient,loose,lax变化形形变stricterstrictest（1）adj.严格地、严厉的bestrictwithsb对某人严厉＝bestrictinsb对某人严厉bestrictinone’swork/study对工作/学习严格eg：Firstofall,youmustbestrictwithyourself.首先，你必须严格要求自己。astrictteacher一位严格的老师；strictrules严格的规定（2）adj.严密地、正确地thestricttruth确凿的事实、绝对真实inthestrictsense严格说来strictly['striktli]adv.严格地,完全地eg：Strictlyspeaking,youarenotfitforyourjob.严格来说，你是不适合这份工作。eg：Smokingisstrictlyprohibited.严禁吸烟、吸烟被严格地禁止。5★occasionallyadv.偶尔地、偶尔,间或同义词sometimes,nowandthen,onceinawhileadv.nowandthen,attimes偶而地eg：Ioccasionallygotothemovieswithhim.我偶尔和他去看