财务专业术语(中英文对照)

Account帐户Accountingsystem会计系统AmericanAccountingAssociation美国会计协会AmericanInstituteofCPAs美国注册会计师协会Audit审计Balancesheet资产负债表Bookkeepking簿记Cashflowprospects现金流量预测CertificateinInternalAuditing内部审计证书CertificateinManagementAccounting管理会计证书CertificatePublicAccountant注册会计师Costaccounting成本会计Externalusers外部使用者Financialaccounting财务会计FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard财务会计准则委员会Financialforecast财务预测Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples公认会计原则General-purposeinformation通用目的信息GovernmentAccountingOffice政府会计办公室Incomestatement损益表InstituteofInternalAuditors内部审计师协会InstituteofManagementAccountants管理会计师协会Integrity整合性Internalauditing内部审计Internalcontrolstructure内部控制结构InternalRevenueService国内收入署Internalusers内部使用者Managementaccounting管理会计Returnofinvestment投资回报Returnoninvestment投资报酬SecuritiesandExchangeCommission证券交易委员会Statementofcashflow现金流量表Statementoffinancialposition财务状况表Taxaccounting税务会计Accountingequation会计等式Articulation勾稽关系Assets资产Businessentity企业个体Capitalstock股本Corporation公司Costprinciple成本原则Creditor债权人Deflation通货紧缩Disclosure批露Expenses费用Financialstatement财务报表Financialactivities筹资活动Going-concernassumption持续经营假设Inflation通货膨涨Investingactivities投资活动Liabilities负债Negativecashflow负现金流量Operatingactivities经营活动Ownersequity所有者权益Partnership合伙企业Positivecashflow正现金流量Retainedearning留存利润Revenue收入Soleproprietorship独资企业Solvency清偿能力Stable-dollarassumption稳定货币假设Stockholders股东Stockholdersequity股东权益Windowdressing门面粉饰财会名词汉英对照表（1）会计与会计理论会计accounting决策人DecisionMaker投资人Investor股东Shareholder债权人Creditor财务会计FinancialAccounting管理会计ManagementAccounting成本会计CostAccounting私业会计PrivateAccounting公众会计PublicAccounting注册会计师CPACertifiedPublicAccountant国际会计准则委员会IASC美国注册会计师协会AICPA财务会计准则委员会FASB管理会计协会IMA美国会计学会AAA税务稽核署IRS独资企业Proprietorship合伙人企业Partnership公司Corporation会计目标AccountingObjectives会计假设AccountingAssumptions会计要素AccountingElements会计原则AccountingPrinciples会计实务过程AccountingProcedures财务报表FinancialStatements财务分析FinancialAnalysis会计主体假设Separate-entityAssumption货币计量假设Unit-of-measureAssumption持续经营假设Continuity（Going-concern）Assumption会计分期假设Time-periodAssumption资产Asset负债Liability业主权益OwnersEquity收入Revenue费用Expense收益Income亏损Loss历史成本原则CostPrinciple收入实现原则RevenuePrinciple配比原则MatchingPrinciple全面披露原则Full-disclosure（Reporting）Principle客观性原则ObjectivePrinciple一致性原则ConsistentPrinciple可比性原则ComparabilityPrinciple重大性原则MaterialityPrinciple稳健性原则ConservatismPrinciple权责发生制AccrualBasis现金收付制CashBasis财务报告FinancialReport流动资产Currentassets流动负债CurrentLiabilities长期负债Long-termLiabilities投入资本ContributedCapital留存收益RetainedEarning－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－（2）会计循环会计循环AccountingProcedure/Cycle会计信息系统AccountinginformationSystem帐户Ledger会计科目Account会计分录Journalentry原始凭证SourceDocument日记帐Journal总分类帐GeneralLedger明细分类帐SubsidiaryLedger试算平衡TrialBalance现金收款日记帐Cashreceiptjournal现金付款日记帐Cashdisbursementsjournal销售日记帐SalesJournal购货日记帐PurchaseJournal普通日记帐GeneralJournal工作底稿Worksheet调整分录Adjustingentries结帐Closingentries－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－（3）现金与应收帐款现金Cash银行存款Cashinbank库存现金Cashinhand流动资产Currentassets偿债基金Sinkingfund定额备用金Imprestpettycash支票Check（cheque）银行对帐单Bankstatement银行存款调节表Bankreconciliationstatement在途存款Outstandingdeposit在途支票Outstandingcheck应付凭单Voucherspayable应收帐款Accountreceivable应收票据Notereceivable起运点交货价F.O.Bshippingpoint目的地交货价F.O.Bdestinationpoint商业折扣Tradediscount现金折扣Cashdiscount销售退回及折让Salesreturnandallowance坏帐费用Baddebtexpense备抵法Allowancemethod备抵坏帐Baddebtallowance损益表法Incomestatementapproach资产负债表法Balancesheetapproach帐龄分析法Aginganalysismethod直接冲销法Directwrite-offmethod带息票据Interestbearingnote不带息票据Non-interestbearingnote出票人Maker受款人Payee本金Principal利息率Interestrate到期日Maturitydate本票Promissorynote贴现Discount背书Endorse拒付费Protestfee－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－（4）存货存货Inventory商品存货Merchandiseinventory产成品存货Finishedgoodsinventory在产品存货Workinprocessinventory原材料存货Rawmaterialsinventory起运地离岸价格F.O.Bshippingpoint目的地抵岸价格F.O.Bdestination寄销Consignment寄销人Consignor承销人Consignee定期盘存Periodicinventory永续盘存Perpetualinventory购货Purchase购货折让和折扣Purchaseallowanceanddiscounts存货盈余或短缺Inventoryoveragesandshortages分批认定法Specificidentification加权平均法Weightedaverage先进先出法First-in,first-outorFIFO后进先出法Lost-in,first-outorLIFO移动平均法Movingaverage成本或市价孰低法LowerofcostormarketorLCM市价Marketvalue重置成本Replacementcost可变现净值Netrealizablevalue上限Upperlimit下限Lowerlimit毛利法Grossmarginmethod零售价格法Retailmethod成本率Costratio－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－（5）长期投资长期投资Long-terminvestment长期股票投资Investmentonstocks长期债券投资Investmentonbonds成本法Costmethod权益法Equitymethod合并法Consolidationmethod股利宣布日Declarationdate股权登记日Dateofrecord除息日Ex-dividenddate付息日Paymentdate债券面值Facevalue,Parvalue债券折价Discountonbonds债券溢价Premiumonbonds票面利率Contractinterestrate,statedrate市场利率Marketinterestratio,Effectiverate普通股CommonStock优先股PreferredStock现金股利Cashdividends股票股利Stockdividends清算股利Liquidatingdividends到期日Maturitydate到期值Maturityvalue直线摊销法Straight-Linemethodofamortization实际利息摊销法Effective-interestmethodofamortization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－-（6）固定资产固定资产PlantassetsorFixedassets原值Originalvalue预计使用年