新概念英语第二册笔记-第94课

Lesson94Futurechampions未来的冠军【Text】Experimentshaveprovedthatchildrencanbeinstructedinswimmingataveryearlyage.AtaspecialswimmingpoolinLosAngeles,childrenbecomeexpertatholdingtheirbreathunderwaterevenbeforetheycanwalk.Babiesoftwomonthsolddonotappeartobereluctanttoenterthewater.Itisnotlongbeforetheyaresoaccustomedtoswimmingthattheycanpickupweightsfromthefloorofthepool.Agamethatisverypopularwiththeseyoungswimmersistheunderwatertricyclerace.Tricyclesarelineduponthefloorofthepoolsevenfeetunderwater.Thechildrencompeteagainsteachothertoreachtheotherendofthepool.Manypedaltheirtricycles,butmostofthemprefertopushordragthem.Somechildrencancoverthewholelengthofthepoolwithoutcomingupforbreathevenonce.WhethertheywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampions,onlytimewilltell.Meanwhile,theyshouldencouragethoseamonguswhocannotswimfiveyardsbeforetheyaregaspingforair.【课文翻译】实验证明，儿童在很小的时候就可以开始学习游泳。在洛杉矶的一个特设的游泳池里，孩子们甚至在还没有学会走路时就已经能熟练地在水下屏住呼吸了。两个月的婴儿并未显得不愿意入水。他们很快便适应了游泳，以致能捡起池底的物品。这些幼小的游泳运动员非常喜爱的一种游戏是水下三轮车比赛。三轮车并排放在7英尺深的游泳池底上。孩子们比赛看谁先到达游泳池的另一端。很多孩子用脚蹬车，但多数孩子更愿意推或是拉着三轮车。有些孩子能够跑完游泳池的全长而不用露出水面换气。他们将来是否能成为奥林匹克的冠军，这只能由时间来作出回答。与此同时，他们对我们中的那些游不了5码就已喘不过气来的人应该是种鼓舞。Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语【生词讲解】instructv.指导，传授LosAngeles洛杉矶reluctantadj.勉强的，不愿意的weightn.重物underwateradj.水下的tricyclen.三轮车competev.比赛，对抗yardn.码gaspv.喘气【单词讲解】1.instruct1）v.指导，传授eg：Mr.Whiteinstructsusinmath.怀特先生教我们的数学2）v.指令、训令instructsbtodo命令，指导某人做某事eg：Theteacherinstructedthepupilstocomeintothegym.老师命令学生到健身房去。instructthat（正式）通知eg：Thecompanyinstructedhimthathewouldbeemployed.该公司通知他，他会被雇用。instructionn.讲授、教育、指导、命令、指示receiveinstructioninskiing接受滑冰指导followinstructions＝givesbinstructions遵从指示instructiveadj.教育性的,有启发的,有益的aninstructivebook有教育意义的书instructorn.教师、指导者2.LosAngeles洛杉矶美国加利福尼亚洲California西南部的大城市（简称L.A）在西班牙语中表示”天使们”之意3.reluctantadj.勉强的，不愿意的（unwilling）areluctantanswer勉强的答复areluctanthelper不愿意帮忙bereluctanttodo不愿做某事eg：Iamreluctanttoworkthesedays.这段日子我不愿工作。reluctantlyadv.不情愿地、厌恶的（unwillingly）4.weightn.重物、分量、重量eg：What’stheweightofthisgoldcoin？这金币有多重？→Itis50gramsinweight.它重50克。eg：You’veputonweight,haven’tyou？你变胖了？eg：You’velostweight,haven’tyou？你瘦了,对吗?grossweight毛重；netweight净重throwone’sweightabout＝throwone’sweightaround大摆架子、作威作福weighv.秤……重量，有…….重eg：Themanweighedthefishbyhand.他用手秤一秤鱼有多重。eg：Howmuchdoseitweigh？它有多重？5.underwateradj.水下面的anunderwatercamera水下照像机under-前缀1）……之下的underarm腋下的；underground地下的underline在……下滑线2）不足够的underage未成年的；undernourished营养不足的6.tricyclen.三轮车（trike）bicycle自行车tri-表“三”triangle三角形；trilateraladj.三者之间的、有三边的tricolor三色旗bi-表“两个”“两次”biannual[baiˈænjuəl]a.一年两次的bicentenary[ˌbaisenˈteniəl]n.两百周年纪念di表“二、双、二重、二倍”（后语名词结合）dicotyledonousadj.双子叶的7.competev.比赛，对抗eg：Thetwoteamscompeteforthechampionship.这两支球队争夺冠军eg：Heisgoingtocompeteagainsthisoldrivalinthesecondround.＝Heisgoingtocompetewithhisoldrivalinthesecondround.在第二轮比赛中敌对是他的老对手。eg：Willyoucompeteintherace？你会参加比赛吗？competitionn.[ˌkɔmpəˈtiʃən]竞争，比赛beincompetitionwith与…….的竞争eg：Theywereincompetitionwitheachotherfortheprize.他们为了奖品在互相竞争。competitive[kəmˈpetitiv]a.竞争的，比赛的；好竞争的；有竞争力的acompetitionspirit竞争心competitor[kəmˈpetitə]n.竞争者；比赛者形近词：competence[ˈkɔmpitəns]n.能力，胜任，称职one’scompetenceforthetask完成任务的能力competentadj.有能力的,足够的,胜任的eg：Sheiscompetentforthetask.她有能完成这个任务。8.yardn.码（约91.4cm缩写为y/yd）eg：Turnleftabouttwohundredyardsfurtherdownthestreet.左转沿着街道大约再走两百码。长度单位：inch英寸；foot英尺；yard码；meter米yardgoods（美）论码卖的布料9.gasp1）v.喘气、上气不接下气eg：Hegaspedforbreath.他喘不过气来gaspforair气喘2）v.喘着气说……（与out,forth连用）eg：Shegaspedoutthenews.＝Shegaspedforththenews.她气喘吁地说了这个消息。eg：”Myhouseisonfire,“gaspedtheman.我的房子着火了，”那人气喘吁地说。3）v.（因惊吓、恐惧引起的）屏息、喘息gaspwithsurprise＝gaspinsurprise吃惊地屏住呼吸gaspatthesight那景况令人倒抽一口冷气4）n.屏息、喘息、接不上气inshortgasps气喘吁吁；atone’slastgasp奄奄一息地tothelastgasp直到临终【课文讲解】1.Experimentshaveprovedthatchildrencanbeinstructedinswimmingataveryearlyage.※prove表示“证明”、“证实”，后面可以跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等：eg:We'vebeentryingtosellourhouse,butit'sprovedtobeverydifficult.我们一直试图把房子卖掉，不过事实证明这很困难。eg:Therumorprovedtrue.这谣传证明是真的。eg:Heprovedacompetentmanager.他证明是一个能干的经理。eg:Youshouldfirstprovethatyouboughtthesegoodshere.你应该首先证明这些物品你是从这里买的。provesthtosb.向某人证明某事物属实※beinstructedin被训练※ataveryearlyage在很小的时候2.AtaspecialswimmingpoolinLosAngeles,childrenbecomeexpertatholdingtheirbreathunderwaterevenbeforetheycanwalk.※becomeexpertat＝becomeexpertin＝beexpertat＝beexpertin在……很熟练beexpertincooking＝beexpertatcooking擅长烹饪expert[ˈekspə:t]n.专家，能手a.专家的，内行的，熟练的expert表示“做/干......的专家/高手”时后面通常用atdoingsth;表示在某一领域是“专家”、“权威”时可用介词in或on:eg:Johnisanexpertatdrivingacar.约翰是开车高手。eg:Sheisanexpertinflowers.她是花卉方面的专家。eg:Samisanexpertonthatproblem.萨姆是研究那个问题的权威。anexpertincooking＝anexpertatcooking烹饪高手anexpertineconomics经济学专家※holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸eg:Howlongcanyouholdyourbreathefor?你能屏住呼吸多久？atabreath＝inabreath一口气地underone’sbreath＝belowone’sbreath压着嗓子，低声地loseone’sbreath喘不过气来，气喘吁吁saveone’sbreath不要浪费口舌3.Babiesoftwomonthsolddonotappeartobereluctanttoenterthewater.※双重否定，加强语气※appear1)vi.似乎，好象，显得eg:Sheappearstohavemanyfriends.她好象有很多好朋友似的。eg:Sheappeared/seemedveryconfident.她显得很有自信。Itappearsthat...Itseemsthat...eg:It'sgoingtorain.Soitappears/seems要下雨了。看样子像2)出现，显露eg:Gradually