冠词ppt

I.冠词的定义冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词类说明其意义.II.冠词的种类冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类.定冠词特指一特定名词,不定冠词泛指一般普通名词.III.不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an两种形式.a用在以辅音开头的名词前,一般读作[ə];an用在以元音开头的名词前,一般读作[ən].1.首次提到某人或某物,常起介绍作用.Heisadoctor.Heisstudyinginauniversity.2.在单数普通名词前,指一类人或事物,通常不必译出.Anearisanorganforlistening.Afoxisacunninganimal.=Foxesarecunninganimals.=Thefoxisacunninganimal.3.说明某一事物,相当于thesame,表示“相同”的意思.Theyarenearlyofanage.Thetwoshirtsareofasize.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.4.在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,具有”每一”的意思.Thetrainisrunningat60kmanhour.Heearnstwothousandyuanamonth.Thelittlegirliseatinganice-creamatthetable.It’sanhonortometobegivensuchagoodchancetomakeafurtherstudyatuniversity.5.其他用法1).物质名词或抽象名词前用a/an表示具体意义\制成品或种类.2)人名前用a/an表示说话人对此人不认识,相当于”acertain”.OurmusicteacherisaMissWhite.AMrChencametoseeyouthismorning.也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物.HewishestobecameaNewton.3).专有名词中的地名前用a/an指某时期或某个样子的某地.SheisnowadifferentChinafromwhatshewastwentyyearsago.4).a/an用于某些固定词组中onceuponatime/anhourortwohaveawalk/manyatimeturnadeafeartoIV.定冠词的用法1.使用定冠词的场合1).在单数普通名词前表示一类人或事物,the不必译出.Thehorseisausefulanimal.=Ahorseisausefulanimal.=Horsesareusefulanimals.2).在重新提及的人或事物的名词前Heboughtabookyesterday.Thebookisonthedesk.Ireceivedaletterafewdaysago.TheletterwasfromEngland.3).在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前.Passmethebook,please.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?4).在有限制性定语修饰的名词前ThisistheplacewhereIoncelived.TheplanetoShanghaihastakenoff.5).在序数词前Thefirstboyishisyoungerbrother.Iamthelasttocome.6).在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前theworld/thesun/themoon/thesky/theearth7).在方向名词前ontheright/leftintheeast/west/south/north8).在形容词和副词的最高级前Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.Whosings(the)bestinyourclass?副词的最高级经常省略the9).在某些形容词(或分词)前表示一类人或事物Theyoung/thegrown-up/theblind/thewounded/theoppressed被压迫/虐待的人10).在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人.TheGreensareattable.TheChenswillmovetoNaijing.11).在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代WhenhewenttoAmericaintheseventies,hewasalreadyinhisforties.Inthe1870’s,MarxbegantolearnRussian.12).在乐器的名称前Thegirlisplayingthepiano.Heoftenplaystheviolinintheevening.13).在表示单位的名词前Ihavehiredthecarbythehour.Eggsaresoldbythedozen.鸡蛋是按打卖的。14).在由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前theGreatWalltheUnitedStatestheSummerPalace15).在由”普通名词+专有名词”构成的专有名词前thePeople’sRepublicofChinatheNewYorkTimestheReader’sDigest16).表示全体国民的专有名词前theChinesetheFrench17).江河湖海\运河\海湾\海峡\山脉\群岛\森林\平原\盆地\沙漠等专有名词前theyellowriver/thePacificOcean/theWestlake/theSuezCanal/theGulfofMexico/theEnglishChannel/theHimalayas17).江河湖海\运河\海湾\海峡\山脉\群岛\森林\平原\盆地\沙漠等专有名词前theBritishIsles/theBlackforest/theNorthChinaPlain/theTarimBasin/theSaharaDesert注:MountFuji/LakeBaikal无冠词不列颠群岛18)在发明物前Whoinventedthetelephone?ItwasEdisonthatinventedthelamp.19)固定词组中intheformofintheend2.不常用冠词的场合1).表示人名\地名\国名\节日\月份\星期\季节等专有名词前Marx/Guangxi/Europe/China/NationalDay/March/Sunday/spring2).复数可数名词和不可数名词表示泛指Theyareteachers,notstudents.Peopleinthesouthlikerice.3).表示职位\身份\头衔的名词前AuntMaryProfessorZhangPresidentLincoln4.物质名词或抽象名词前Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Desksandchairsareusuallymadeofwood.5.表示学科\疾病\球类\游戏\颜色和感官名称的名词前Economicsisdifferentfrompolitics.Grannydiedofcancertwoyearsago.Helikesfootball.5.表示学科\疾病\球类\游戏\颜色和感官名称的名词前Doyouplaychess(bridge,cards)?Smellisoneofthefivesenses.*有些表示疾病的名词需要加冠词a/anhaveafever/cold/headache…6.表示餐名的名词前(breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner)Dinnerisready.Sheisatlunch.Whatdowehaveforsupper?*如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,表示类别时要用a/anThebreakfastIorderedstillhasn’tarrived.Thatwasaverynice(good,hearty)supper.7.称呼语或含感叹意义的名词前Goodmorning,boysandgirls.WhereisDad,Mum?Poorfellow!Hebrokehisleg.8.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前bybike/bus/train/tube/coach/land/sea…（伦敦的）地铁；（美）subway*如果表示交通工具的名词前有定语,不用byHecamehereonhisoldbike.9).名词前有名词所有格\形容词性物主代词\指示代词\疑问词以及some,little,both,each,either,few,afew,alittle,any,no,another,every,much,many等形容词作定语时John’smotherisateacher.Whosepurseisthis?Thesebooks/ourresearchgroupSomeinterestingstories.10).以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时dayandnight/penandink/husbandandwifefatherandson/sunandmon/masterandservant*用某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时facetoface/handinhand/sidebyside/stepbystep/fromtoptobottom/frommorningtonight/frombeginningtoendV.冠词的辩析和差异1.用冠词与不用冠词的差异1).attableatthetable进餐在桌子旁2).inhospitalinthehospital3).byseabythesea住院在医院里乘船(由海路)在海边4).gotoseagotothesea5).infutureinthefuture当水手去海边从今以后在将来6).onearthontheearth7).gotoschool(church…)gototheschool(church…)究竟,到底在地球上上学(作礼拜)去…学校(教堂)8).infrontofinthefrontof在…前面外部的内部的9).onhorsebackonthehorseback10).twoofusthetwoofus骑马在马背上我们当中的两人我们两人(共计两人)11).outofquestionoutofthequestion毫无疑问不可能2.用定冠词与不定冠词的差异1).asawhole=altogether全部的，整体onthewhole=ingeneral大体上，一般的2).themostimportantmeeting最重要的会议amostimportantmeeting一个重要的会议3).thethirdtime第三次athirdtime又一次4).inthedistance在远处atadistance在稍远处3.两个或两个以上名词并列时用冠词的差异aChineseandEnglishdictionaryaChineseandanEnglishdictionaryExercises:Fillintheblankswitha,anorthe.1.What______beautifulhorseitis!a2.Whendoes______sunsetinwinter?3.Iamgoingto______Philippinesnextmonth.thethe4.Don’tforgettobuyme______T-shirt.a5.Look,there’s______elephantwalkingdownthestreet.6.It’scheapertotake______busthantotake______taxi.anaa7.Johnisstayingat______DragonHotel.8.EveryoneknowsKittyis______honestgirl.thean9.Igoto____schoolby____ferry.10.Whichpeni