初中现在完成时讲解(完整版)

ThePresentPerfecttenseWinterhasalreadycome，willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？present(now)futurepastPresentPerfectTens现在完成时1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响；Ihavealreadyhadbreakfast.（我已吃过早餐，我不饿了）2.现在完成时态还表示过去某一时间已经开始并一直持续到现在（包括现在在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用表示持续的动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。Wehavelivedherefortenyears/since10yearsago.主语+have/has+过去分词（pp）助动词,无意义现在完成时的结构Winterhasalreadycome，willitstillbefarinspring?主语+have/has+过去分词（pp）否定形式haven’t(havenot）+过去分词hasn’t(hasnot)+过去分词疑问句把助动词have/has放在句首现在完成时的结构注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用hasYouhaveplantedallthetrees.Ihaveplantedallthetrees.He/shehasplantedallthetrees.Theyhaveplantedallthetrees.区别have和has的用法主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has1、regularverbs规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived过去分词(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”。study--studied--studiedcry—cried--cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop--stopped--stoppeddrop--dropped--dropped2、irregularverbs不规则变化（A-B-B）have—had—hadspend—spent—spentmake—made—madesay—said—saidfind—found—foundhear—heard—heard3、不规则变化（A-B-C）take—took—takenspeak—spoke—spokensing—sang—sungdrive—drove—drivenbe—was/were—beengo—went—gone4、不规则变化（A-A-A）cut—cut—cutput—put—putlet—let—letread—read—read•5不规则变化(A-B-A)come–came–comebecome–became–become1)表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.现在完成时的用法2)表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经),never,for+时间段，since+时间点等词或短语连用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.3)表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsince5yearsago.since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:Takenotes用for或since填空1.Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.2.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.3.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.4.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______fewdaysago.5.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.6.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.7.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时搞清一般过去时和现在完成时的区别Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已经不在这里工作了)Ihaveworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（现在我仍在这里工作）疑难点辨析havebeento和havegonetoMyfatherhasgonetoShanghaiforameeting.他（已经）去了上海。MyfatherhasbeentoShanghaiforameeting.他（曾经）去了上海。ShehasbeentoChina.她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）havebeentosomeplace.曾经去过某地，已经回来．hasgonetosomeplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来．ShehasgonetoChina.她去了上海。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_____________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto•1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.•2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.•3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.•4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.•5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.•6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.•7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.•8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.•9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.•10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?•11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.•12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.•13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.•14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.•15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?•1.have,seen,saw2.Has,finished3.has,come4.hasgone5.haveworked,moved6.havemade7.have,stayed8.have,finished9.goes10.have,found11.is12.werereading13.isclimbing14.iscoming15.Have,seen