英语定语从句

TheAttributiveClauseWhatisanattributive?(何为定语？)•Thereisahugecake•Sheisabeautifulgirl.•用于修饰名词、代词的句子成分为定语。•定语常由形容词或形容词性短语来充当。Whatisanattributiveclause?(何为定语从句？)•在主从复合句中，用于充当主句的定语成分(用于修饰某名词,代词或名词短语)的从句，称为定语从句(形容词性从句)。•Thereisacakethatishuge.•Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.•⑴概念定义先行词关系词（关系代词和关系副词）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句•⑵引导词：关系代词和关系副词的区别•⑶关系代词的用法：•whose的用法•that，which的用法•⑷关系副词的用法•⑸介词+关系词引导的定语从句•⑹定语从句的主谓一致关于定语从句，学生需要掌握的内容：Ⅰ、概念：用来修饰名词或者代词起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词叫做关系词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。例如：SheisthegirlwhomIamlookingfor.先行词关系代词Thisisthevillagewhereshegrewup.先行词关系副词Heisalittleboy.Heiseating.Heisalittleboywhoiseating.•Heisapopularsinger.•Hissongispopularamongyoungpeople.•Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.Ⅱ、引导定语从句的关系词:关系副词指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)定语从句的引导词关系代词指人1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2)ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.3)Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.(主语)(宾语)(主语)(宾语)定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，先行词/关系词在从句中充当的句子成分。哪几个that可省略？3、4句还可用什么关系词？2.Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.3.who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)。•TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(主语)(宾语)(主语)2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.=Thepersonwhom/whoyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.(主语)(宾语)（宾语)4.whose在从句中作定语，指人或物。1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.Thisistheboy.Theteachertalkedofhiscomposition.3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.Wewenttoseeourteacher,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.=Wewenttoseeourteacher,thehusbandofwhomlosthislifeintheearthquake.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词本身为everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much,all,none,some等不定代词时。NoteⅠThisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。(2)先行词被all,every,any,no,some,few,little,much等修饰时。•(5)先行词不止一个，既有人，又有物，用that。Hementionedthepeopleandthingsthathesawinhistrip.•(6)先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词。WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost？Whoisthegirlthatyouspoketojustnow?•(7)主句是therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that（先行词为物）Thereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstomysister.Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it只用which的情况BB1.当先行词是he,she等人称代词，以及one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that.(若指物，则用which)Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.Whatisthatwhichisshiningintheroom?NoteⅢ•关系代词：在从句中作主语，宾语，定语和表语•关系副词：在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语•when：作时间状语•where：作地点状语•why：作原因状语•ThisisthefactoryIworkedtenyearsago.Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.•先行词：thefactory，与介词in一起放入从句中作状语•从句部分：Iworkedtenyearsago.•关系词：where1.作连词，引导定语从句2.代替先行词，在从句中充当状语成分3.关系副词=介词+关系代词•ThisisthefactoryinwhichIworkedtenyearsago.•凡是先行词放入从句当中，需加介词的，该结构（介词+先行词）在从句中都是充当状语成分，关系词都应使用关系副词，或介词+关系代词。whereTheschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.Theschoolwheremysonstudiesisnearapark.=Theschoolinwhichmysonstudiesisnearapark.关系副词whereWevisitedthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.WevisitedthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.=WevisitedthehouseinwhichLusunoncelived.where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“in/at/on+which”。They’llneverforgetJuly1.HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherlandonJuly1.They’llneverforgetJuly1whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.=They’llneverforgetJuly1onwhichHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.关系副词whenI’llneverforgettheday.Ijoinedtheleagueonthatday.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheleague.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“in/at/on/during+which”。Therearemanyreasons.Peopleliketravelingforthesereasons.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Therearemanyreasonsforwhichpeopleliketraveling.关系副词whywhy引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词，并在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“for+which”。总结关系副词:where,when,why时间when=in/at/on/duringwhich地点where=at/in/onwhich原因why=forwhich“when”means“atthattime”,“where”means“atthatplace”,“why”isusedaftertheword“reason”.Ⅲ.选用关系词应注意什么？1)一般定语从句的结构是“先行词+关系代/副词+从句”。(牢固树立这一概念后，可减少很多不该出现的错误。)2)：选用关系代词，还是关系副词关键是：•如何选择关系词。(将先行词代入句子中，能够直接代入就能构成完整的句子用关系代词，不能直接代入需加介词才能构成完整的句子是关系副词）也就是说，1，找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。3)选用关系词,依据它在从句中所做的成分来确定：(1)关系代词(that，which，who，whom等)主要用作主语和宾语；(2)关系副词(when，where，why)主要用作状语；(3)作定语时用whose。a.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplace(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.b.Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyoustillrememberthetime(that/which)wespenttogether?例如：c.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewent.Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.•1）Thisisthevillage____