台阶式泄槽溢洪道的设计

艾克明(410007),,-,,1998721250060,,,80,(RCC),,,RCC(UpperStill-waterDam)RCC[1]22RCC,20RCC,2RCC[2],70[3]RCC,1944RCC,[4],,50mRCC[5],40%80%,,,,90,RCCRCC1994,5100,90m3/s.m,19984JOURNALOFHYDROELECTRICENGINEERING63[6]RCC,128m(PMF),,90cmRCC,[7],,:()(),11(a)(b)(c)-(27)(d)-(=27)(e)(27)2.1(Peyras)[3]:(1a),(1b)(ChansonH.),,[3]:(dc/h)=0.0916(h/L)-1.276(1)dc;hLdc/h(dc/h)(1)0.2h/L62.2,87:[3]:(dc)/h=1.057-0.46h/L(2)dc/h(dc)/h,,,,,1e1c1d0.4(=26.6)27,,,,,,,,,,,,,3.12(a)(b)2a,,-[3],:Ei=E+E(1-E)(3)E;E,:E=CDS-CUSCS-CUSCUS();CDS;CsN,:E=1-Ni=1(1-Ei)(4)Ei(3)N,:E=1-(1-Ei)N(5)3.2882b,,,,,,,,,,,,(1560),20250m,1.0,dc/h0.82.1,730,()[3]:E=[1-qw/(qw)c]A(6)qwA,A39,A(qw)c(7)[3]:(qw)c=0.1277(L)1.403(sin)0.388(hcos)0.0975(7)L;,,15454560,-[3],:1982(88m)(61m),75%,50%[8]1985(R.M.Sorensen)(NewMonksvilleDam),36.6m,9.2m/s,22.2m/s,84%[8]1993(Christodoulov,G.C.),dc/h,dc/h1,,dc/h,Ndc/h,N,dc/hdc/Nh,L/h0.7dc/h=14H/H,3[8]1994,q;q,h,44%84%[9]1996(Charles,E.R,)17.07m,12.5(13)-10(SaladoCreekSite10)0.61m,1.52m14.5m3/s,48%,89:20%;Q=5.81m3/s,71%,25%3,,[8]3(a)H/Hdc/h(b)H/Hdc/Nh,3b3:,0.41.43,dc/h4.5dc/Nh0.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(1)(2),,5.1,,,,,,,,61cm,30cm[1](M'BaliDam)33m,80cm,,8.5cm,17cm(Hd0.0250.05),[10](LoyaltyRoaddam)30m,1.2m,40.74m35.04m,[2]Puebledecazalla,71m,[6],Salado0.61m,1.52m,12.50.30m,1.52m[8]90,0.61.2m,RCC,RCC,,(VCC),,()RCC,45[6]4RCC5,,,,5.2,,19677.4m,12.5103.8m,,537m3/s,,(,P392,,19758),1976(Dnieperhydroplant)5m8.750.405m(0.7m)14.2m[3]1978(Sosnovski),12m11m,7150.45m3.3m3/s.m[3],,,,6,,,10%15%[3],RCC,44RCC,(PMF)RCC91:62.4m,30cmRCC,2.4m13,RCC60cm[4],,,,(1),,,(2)[11]:RCC130m(PMF),,,PMF1.7m10.8,0.9m,0.72mPMF:12m,1.7m,q=3.14m3/s.md=1.0m,(2)(2)dc/h=1.11,(2)1.06-0.46h/L=0.479,K*=hcos=0.9cos51.34=0.562F*=qgsinK3*=2.69,L1:L1=K*9.719(sin)0.0796F0.713*=10.85m:d1=K*0.4034(sin)0.04F0.592*=0.41m92:V1=q1d1=7.63m/s,:Ce=0.9sin=0.7028X=0.6280.514-CeCe-(1-Ce)=-0.5667thX=-0.5137fe=0.5(1+thX)=0.234do:do=dc(fe8sin)7/3=0.46m:Vo=q/do=6.8m/s,[10]M.Bindo,,711H.ChansonM.BindoL1(m)10.8513.5d1(m)0.410.35V1(m/s)7.639.0L2(m)/18do(m)0.460.36Vo(m/s)6.88.871,,,,[12]:L1/h=3.06+11.69dc/h(8),L1=11.1m1,14.4m,0.54m,,100m,40m/s,6.88.8m/s,0.9593:,,,,,,:,,[1]Houston,K.L.,Richardson,A.T.,(1988),EnergyDissipationCharacteristicsofaSteppedSpillwayforanRCCDam,ProccedingsoftheInternationalSymposiumonHydraulicsforHighDams,Beijing,PP.9198.[2]InternationalSymposiumReviewsRCCProgress,PartTwo,Hydropower&Dams,VolumeThree,IssueTwo,1996,PP.5055.[3]Chanson,H.,StateoftheArtoftheHydraulicDesignofSteppedChuteSpillways,Hydropower&Dams,VolumeOne,IssueSeven,July1994,PP.3341.[4]Hansen,K.D.,DivergingViewsonRCC,WaterPower&DamConstruction,Vol.48No.8,August1996,pp.3035.[5]MajorCFDSinMexicoandBrazilWithstandExtremeFlooding,WaterPower&DamConstructon,May1992,PP.34.[6]InternationalSymposiumReviewsRCCProgress,PartOne,Hydrcpower&Dams,Vol.Three,IssueOne,1996,PP.7480.[7],(PMF),,1997,No.5,PP.59[8]Charles,E.R.andKem,C.K.C(1996),ModelStudyofaRollerCompactedConcreteSteppedSpillway,JournalofHydraulicEnqineering,Vol.122,No.6,June1996,PP.292297.[9],,,,19949,PP.98102[10]Bindo,M.J.GautieyandF.Lacroix,TheSteppedSpillwayofM'BaliDam,WaterPower&DamConstruction,January1993,PP.3536.[11]Jose,L.,Sanchez,B.andFernando,Gonzaley.V.,SpillingFloodsCostEffectively,WaterPower&DamConstruction,Vol.48,No.5,May1996,PP.1620.[12]ZhouHui,WuShiqiang,JiangShuhai,HydraulicPerformancesofSkimming94FlowoverSteppedSpillway,JournalofHydrodynamics,Ser.B.3(1997),PP.8086.HydraulicCharacteristicsandDesignApplicationofSteppedChuteSpillwaysAiKeming(HunanHydro&PowerDesign&ResearchInstitutechangsha410007)AbstractVisiblecharacteristicofsteppedchutespillwaysissignificantincrementoftherateofenergydissipationtakingplacealongthespillwayfaceandeliminationorreducinggreatlytheneedforalargeenergydissipatoratthetoeofthespillway.Steppedcascadesareusedalsoinwatertreatmentplantstoenhancetheair-watertransferofatmosphericgasesandvolatileorganiccomponents.Basedonreferencesofinformationsdomesticandabroad,someproblems,suchasthestateofdevelopmentofsteppedspillways,theflowpatternsandcharacteristics,thedesignapplicationofsteppedchutespillways,areintroducdedinthispaper.KeyWordsSteppedchutespellwayNappeflowSkimmingflowAerationdissipation95: