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第一部分语法专项一、名词【考纲分析】1.中考考纲:(1)可数名词及其单复数;(2)不可数名词;(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.近5年中考名词的考点及分值分布年份题型分值考查内容2012年单项选择1可数名词:sheep完形填空2可数名词:restaurant,不可数名词:trouble短文填空1不可数名词:homework2013年单项选择1不可数名词:chicken(鸡肉)完形填空2可数名词:coach,不可数名词:biscuit短文填空4.5专有名词:June,可数名词/不可数名词:river/water,once2014年单项选择1可数所有格:Women’s完形填空2可数名词:bird,face短文填空1.5可数名词:restaurant2015年单项选择1可数名词/不可数名词;symbol,culture完形填空2不可数名词:advice,happiness短文填空1.5不可数名词:interest(名胜)2016年单项选择1不可数名词:glass(玻璃)完形填空2不可数名词:success,money短文填空1.5可数名词:feet【自主学习】一、把下列名词分类,并说明基本用法bag,news,weather,music,apple,job,work,student,rice,bread,juice,game,house,English,meal,money,monkey,salt,grass,advice,week,beef,information,idea,sheep不可数名词有:不可数名词的基本用法:没有__________形式,不可以与____________连用。可数名词有:可数名词的基本用法:有__________形式,可以与____________连用。二、写出下列名词的复数形式:1.clock__map2.brushwatch3.pianotomato__4.factorymonkey5.knifeleaf6.manGerman7.Chinesesheep8.childfoot__三、把下列短语译成英语1.三杯牛奶2.一块面包3.许多建议4.许多德国人5.六个男学生6.五个女老师7.LiLei的帽子8.学生们的桌子9.妇女节10.教师节11.儿童节12.Lucy和Lily共有的单车13Lucy和Tom各自的单车14.8天的假期/____________答案:一、略二、1.clocks,maps2.brushes,watches3.pianos,tomatoes4.factories,monkeys5.knives,leaves6.men,Germans7.Chinese,sheep8.children,feet三、1.threecupsofmilk2.apieceofbread3.much/alotof/lotsofadvice4.manyGermans5.sixboystudents6.fivewomenteachers7.Lilei’shat8.students’desks9.Women’sDay.10.Teachers’Day.11.Children’sDay12.LucyandLily’sbike13.Lucy’sandTom’sbikes14.eightdays’holiday/aneight-dayholiday【教师点拨】名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名、地名、人名、团体、机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词、集体名词抽象名词、物质名词考点1:可数名词一、基本用法(1)可数名词后可以加s或es构成复数形式,用于表达超过“一个”的数的概念。(2)只与可数名词复数连用的单词:few(几乎没有),afew(一些),many/agreatmany(许多)(3)既能与可数名词连用也能与不可数名词连用的单词:some,any,alotof/lotsof,plentyof。例如:Thereissome/alotofmilkinthebottle.Therearesome/alotofflowersinthegarden.二、名词单复数规则变化规律例词①一般在词尾直接加sbook—bookschair—chairs②以s,x,o,sh,ch结尾的单词通常在词尾加esclass—classesbox—boxesbrush—brusheswatch—watches③以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y改i,再加es但以元音+y结尾的词,则直接在词尾加sfamily—familiesfactory—factorieskey—keysmonkey—monkeys④以o结尾的词,有生命的名词加es但无生命名词则直接加s,如:potato—potatoestomato—tomatoeshero—heroesradio—radioszoo—zoos⑤以f或fe结尾的词,改f或fe为v加esleaf—leavesthief—thieves三、名词复数的不规则变化规律例词①变中间的元音字母man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,child—children,mouse—mice②表示“某国人”的名词单复变化(记忆口决:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。)Chinese—ChineseJapanese—JapaneseFrenchman—FrenchmenEnglishman—EnglishmenGerman—GermansAmerican—AmericansIndian—IndiansAustralian—Australians③单复数一样的名词ChineseandJapanese吃sheep,deerandfish如:aChinese--twoChinese,asheep--manysheep④有的名词只有复数形式people,police,clothes,trousers,pants,jeans,scissors,shorts⑤有的名词即可表整体,也可表成员family,class,team,group⑥由两个名词组成的名词词组,通常只变后面一个名词为复数;注意:但如果前面名词是man或woman时,则两个名词都要变成复数anappletree—twoappletreesagirlstudent—manygirlstudentsamanteacher—somementeachersawomandoctor—tenwomenteachers【课堂检测】()1.WhenPetercomes,pleaseaskhimtoleavea.A.noticeB.messageC.sentenceD.information()2.Ifyouworkharder,you'llhaveanothertoplaytheviolinataconcert.A.sleepB.chanceC.mistakeD.problem()3.—Lily,couldyoupleasepassmethe?Iwanttocuttheapple.—Sure,hereyouare.A.penB.pencilC.bookD.knife()4..Eatingmoreandisgoodforourhealth.A.vegetables,tomatoesB.meat,fishC.vegetable,potatoesD.photos,tomatoes()5.—Whatagoodyou'vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice考点2:不可数名词一、基本用法(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。(2)要表示一定的数量时,常与acupof,abottleof,apieceof等量词连用,如acupoftea一杯茶;twobottlesofwater两瓶水注意:区别twoboxesofchalk与twoboxesofapples。(3)只能修饰不可数名词的词有:alittle(一点),little(几乎没有),much/agreatdealof(许多)(4)常考的不可数名词有:food,drink(饮料),orange(橙汁),milk,rice,bread,meat(肉),chicken(鸡肉),pork(猪肉),beef(牛肉),work,homework,news(新闻)advice(建议),information(信息),weather(天气),Chinese(汉语),knowledge(知识)等【课堂检测】()1.—AfterP.E.,Ioftenfeelverythirsty.—Whynotbuysometodrink?A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teas()2..Iwantasweetmilk.Putsomeinmycup,please.A.iceB.soupC.saltD.sugar()3.—Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?—Sure,I’dlike.A.twocupsofteaB.threepiecesofbreadC.onebowlofdumplingsD.akiloofoil()4.—CanIhelpyou?—Yes.Iwanttogetsome________aboutthetriptoAmerica.A.newsB.informationC.helpD.advice()5.Yourmothercooksnice__________.Ilikeitverymuch.A.breadB.beefC.eggsD.dumplings考点3:名词所有格在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加’s表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:“的”。如:Tom’sbike(汤姆的单车)名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加's.Kate'sbag,Children'sDay,Women'sDay②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加'Teachers'Day,students'books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加'sLucyandLily'smother(共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加'sTom'sandJim'srooms(各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省atthedoctor's(在医务室);atTom’s(在汤姆的家)略:⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of表达thedooroftheroom,thecoloroftheclothes⑦双重所有格:用’s所有格/与of所有格相结合。Afriendofmyfather'sabookofmine注意:但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格:如:today'snewspaper今天的报纸eightdays'holiday=an8-dayholiday八天的假期fiveminutes'walk=afive-minutewalk五分钟的步行路程【课堂检测】()1.—HowfarisitfromTianjintoChangsha?—ItisaflightfromTianjintoChangsha.A.2-hour-longB.2-hours-longC.2hours'longD.2hourlong()2.—Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?—No,it'smy.Heleftittherejustnow.A.brotherB.brother'sC.brothers'D.brothers()3.Mr.Blackisateacherof.Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch.A.mysisterB.mysister'sC.mysistersD.mysisters'
本文标题:2017中考英语复习教学案语法专项1名词
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