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助动词用法助动词(AuxiliaryVerb):协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。自身没有词义,不可单独使用。主要动词(MainVerb):是被协助的动词,构成时态和语态。Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。基本助动词只有三个:be,do,have他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行时,完成时,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。一、be动词的用法既可作系动词,又可作助动词,做助动词有人称和数的变化,第一人称用am,第二人称及复数用are,第三人称及单数用is,am,is过去式助动词用法为was,are的过去式为were,它与现在分词构成进行时态和过去分词一起构成被动语态。a.表示时态be+doing(现在分词)表示现在进行的动作Heissinging.他正在唱歌。b.表示语态be+done(过去分词)表被动语态HewassenttoEngland.他被派往英国。c.be+todo(动词不定式)表示计划安排命令。Wearetoplanttreesnextweek.下周我们将要去植树。Youaretoexplainthis。对此你要做出解释。二、do的用法Do主要帮助实意动词构成否定和疑问句,后跟动词原形,有时放在实意动词前起强调作用,还可代替前文出现的动词,避免重复。Do有人称和数的变化,第一、二人称及复数用do,第三人称及单数用does,过去式为did。1)构成一般疑问句。DO+主语+动词原形+其他Ilikesinging变为疑问句为Doyoulikesinging?2)do+not构成否定句。主语+do+not+动词原形。Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批评。Hedoesn'tliketostudy.他不想学习。Manystudentsdidn’tknowtheimportanceofEnglishbefore.过去好多学生不知道英语的重要性.3)构成否定祈使句。助动词用法Don'tgothere.不要去那里。Don'tbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。Docometomybirthdaypartyplease.请一定来参加我的生日宴会。Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。Idomissyou.我确实想你。我真想你了!5)用作代替动词。----DoyoulikeBeijing?--你喜欢北京吗?----Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.--是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替likeBeijing.)Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?他知道如何开车,对吧?三、have的用法Have+过去分词构成完成时态Ihavestudiedenglishforalongtime.情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。助动词用法一、can,could1)表示能力Marycanspeakthreelanguages.Canyouskate?此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。如:Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.2)表示请求和允许。-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)3)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Canthisbetrue?Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.助动词用法Howcanthisbetrue?二、may,might1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t.----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.三、must,haveto1)表示必须、必要。Youmustcomeintime.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).----Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?助动词用法----Yes,youmust.----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.2)must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。1.heplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.2.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1.You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.2.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.四、shall,should1)shall+动词原形表示将来时态Shallwegoshoppingtomorrow?2)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1.Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)2.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)3.Heshallbepunished.(威胁)六、will,would1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?你想要一杯咖啡吗?助动词用法2)will+动词原形表将来时态Hewillcomebacknextmonth.他下个月将会回来。3)表示意志、愿望和决心。1.Iwillneverdothatagain.助动词练习题1把下列句子变为一般疑问句。1.Itisalovelydog.________________________________________2.Sheislovelygirl.________________________________________3.Weareclassmates.______________________________________4.Iamadoctor.________________________________________5.Thereisabirdinthetree.________________________________6.Theyaregoodfriends.____________________________________7.Ilovemyparents._______________________________________9.Wehaveapleasanthome._______________________________助动词用法10.TheygotochurchonSunday._____________________________11.Youareasinger.______________________________2.用dodoesbe填空1_____sheknowalltheanswers?Yes,she____.No,she_____.2_____thetwinsoftenfight?Yes,_____do.No,_____don’t.3_____yourdadlikelisteningtomusic?Yes,____does.No,_____doesn’t.5_____youhaveanewteacher?Yes,I______.No,I______.6_____sheateacher?Yes,she_____.No,she_____.10_____yourfathersmokinginthelivingroom?Yes,____is.No,he_____.助动词和情态动词专项练习一、情态动词的基本用法⒈CanJohnSmith______hishomeworkontime?A.finishB.finishesC.finishingD.finished⒉Shedare______outbyherselfatnight.A.gonotB.nottogoC.tonotgoD.notgo⒊You______tothepartytonightifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.don’tneedcomeB.needn’ttocomeC.needn’tcomeD.don’tneedcoming助动词用法⒋—We’llbereadytoleaveateight.—Well,Johnmust______backbythen.A.beingB.isC.beD.tobe⒌Yourgrandmother______thenewspaperwithoutglasses.A.canstillreadB.cansstillreadC.stillcanreadsD.canstillreads二、must,need,dare的用法⒍—MustIgetupearlytomorrow,Dad?—No,you_____.TomorrowisSunday.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t⒎—Mustwefinishthebooktoday?—Yes,you______.A.canB.mayC.needD.must⒏You______playontheroad.It’sdangerous.A.mustn’tB.mayC.canD.must⒐You______returnthebooknow.Youcankeepituntilnextweek.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.darenot⒑I______asleepingbagbecauseI’vealreadygotone.A.needn’thaveB.didn’thaveC.don’tneedD.neednot⒒MrSmith______apenfromJack.A.musttoborrowB.hadborrowedC.mustb
本文标题:助动词用法归纳小学
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