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高考总复习:被动语态真题再现:1.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow_______laterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid2.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snothingleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout3.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIonFriday.A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid4.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse______.A.isbeingrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.isrebuiltD.hasrebuilt5.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone_____.A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt6.Thelettersfortheboss__________onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreedayslater.A.wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput7.Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit.A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedC.hadbeendecoratingD.wasbeingdecorated8.Experimentsofthiskind_____inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted9.—Ididn’taskforthenamelist.Why_____onmydesk?—Iputittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.A.doesitlandB.hasitlandedC.willitlandD.haditlanded10.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam_____fourdayslater.A.rescuedB.wasrescuedC.hasrescuedD.hadbeenrescued答案与解析1.A。从don’t可知语境为现在,排除B、D;而laterinlife可知为将来的动作,意为“被给予回报”,故选A。2.B。分析题干语境可知,食品供应即将耗尽。runout为不及物动词短语,不能使用被动形式,由此可排除C和D两个选项。B选项为现在进行时态,可以表示将来,符合题意。因此,正确答案为B选项。3.A。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来,且I与pay之间是动宾关系,所以选A。4.A。句意为:他们现在暂时和父母一起居住,因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知,应使用被动语态,且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系,故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。5.B。根据语境,火灾发生在过去的时间,人有可能“被火伤害”,用一般过去时的被动语态。6.A。句子的主语为theletters,不能选择第三人称单数形式,排除B,D项;而且信应该是“被放在桌上”,选择被动语态。7.D。It指代thereading-room,所以只能用被动,考虑到onlytobetold表示结果,所以选择D。8.D。experiment和conduct之间为被动关系,故排除A项和C项。conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前,即“过去的过去”。9.B。根据句意可知名单现在在桌子上,故用现在时,排除C,D项;句中强调land这一动作对现在产生的结果或影响,用现在完成时。10.B。根据句意,member和rescue之间为被动关系,排除A,C项;另外rescue并不是发生在getlost之前,只是陈述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时。知识讲解:被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词)Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.现在完成时:has/havebeendoneAllthoseflowershavebeenwatered.现在进行时:am/is/arebeingdoneTheblackboardisbeingpaintednow.一般过去时:was/weredoneWewereaskedtohelpthem.过去完成时:hadbeendoneThebuildinghadbeencompletedbeforeIarrived.过去进行时:was/werebeingdoneTheuniversitywasbeingbuiltwhenIsawlasttime.一般将来时:shall/willbedoneAclassmeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.过去将来时:should/wouldbedoneShesaidthebookwouldbedeliveredsoon.将来完成时:shall/willhavebeendoneIwillhavefinishedmyhighschoolthistimenextyear.被动语态的特殊结构形式1.含情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。Thebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.What’sdonecannotbeundone.2.有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Manybooksweregiventothechildrenattheschool.Annwasn’tofferedthejob.3.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不变。Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.4.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。Thepoorchildrenweremadetowork12hoursaday.Sheismadetocleanthefloor.5.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。在被动结构中,切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith.Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.使用被动语态的场合1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。PrintingwasintroducedtoEuropefromChina.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。Healthisvaluedaboveeverything.3.为了更好地安排句子。Wewereshockedbythebadnews.“Itissaid/thought/believedthat...”及类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有:Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itisbelievedthat…大家相信……Itishopedthat…大家希望……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itisthoughtthat…大家认为……Itissuggestedthat…据建议……Somebody/somethingbesupposedtodo...被期望……;应该Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.I’msupposedtobemeetingTomat8:15.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。Glassbreakseasily.Thecarridessmoothly.Thedishtastesdelicious.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)2.动词不定式的被动形式:当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式。作主语:Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.作宾语:SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.构成复合宾语:Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.构成复合谓语:Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.作定语:Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?作状语:Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式,在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等:Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主语)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语))Hethoughtitanhonortohavebeeninvite
本文标题:高中高考总复习:被动语态
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